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Alternation of generation - class-XI

Description: alternation of generation
Number of Questions: 26
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Tags: plant kingdom botany biology kingdom plantae modes of reproduction
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Life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 

  1. Haplontic

  2. Diplontic

  3. Haplodiplontic

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Three types of life cycle patterns are seen in the Saccharomyces (yeasts).

(i)         Haplobiontic life cycle (Saccharomyces octopus)

(ii)        Diplobiontic life cycle (Saccharomyces ludwigii)

(iii)       Haplodiplontic life cycle (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

The correct option is C.

Comparable to angiosperms which of the following alga exhibits diplontic life cycle?

  1. Spirogyra

  2. Ectocarpus

  3. Fucus

  4. Polysiphonia


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Fucus (rockweed) is a type of brown alga and it displays the diploid life history. 
  • The zygote becomes the embryo and develops into the mature Fucus. 
  • The receptacles are reproductive branches and so contain many cavities with external pores. These pores contain antheridia (male) and oogonia (female)
  • The correct option is C.

Which one of the following shows the last diploid stage in the life cycle of angiosperms?

  1. Microspore mother cell

  2. Zygote

  3. Nucellus

  4. Pollen grain


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Microspore mother cell or MMC is the diploid germ cell which forms microspores (pollen) by the process of microsporogenesis.
B. Zygote is the diploid structure formed by the fusion of male and female gametes.
C. Nucellus is the central part of ovule in which embryo is present. It is triploid.
D. Pollen grain or microspore is the haploid male gamete.
In the life cycle of angiosperms, zygote gives rise to a complete plant. The plant has germ cells which are diploid and produce gametes. The gametes then fuse to form a zygote. Hence, microspore mother cell is the last diploid stage because after that, haploid gametes are formed.
So, the correct answer is 'Microspore mother cell'.

Which of the statements regarding haplontic life cycle is incorrect?

  1. Sporophytic generation is represented only by the one-celled zygote.

  2. There is no free-living sporophyte.

  3. Mitosis in the zygote results in the formation of haploid spores.

  4. The haploid spores divide mitotically and form the gametophyte.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In a haplontic life cycle, the plant body is a gametophyte and dominant a dominant phase. The reproductive cell undergo mitosis to form gametes that are haploid, the gametic fusion results in a diploid zygote, which undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores.

So, the correct answer is 'Mitosis in the zygote results in the formation of haploid spores.'

Which one of the following has haplontic life cycle ?

  1. Wheat

  2. Funaria

  3. Polytrichum

  4. Ustilago


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ustilago is a genus of around 200 smut fungi parasitic on the grasses. In the haplontic life cycle, the haploid stage is multicellular whereas the diploid stage is a single cellular. The zygote undergoes meiosis to form the haploid spores. Each spore germinates are being divided to form gametophyte. The other three are not having this life cycle.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Haplo-diplontic life cycle is observed in how many of the following plants.
Pinus, Sphagnum, Polytrichum, Polysiphonia, Dryopteris, Riccia, Marchantis, Pteris, Selaginella, Ectocarpous, Volvox.

  1. $6$

  2. $7$

  3. $8$

  4. $9$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Haplo-Diplontic life cycle observed in 8 in following plants. This life cycle present only in Bryophytes and pteridophytes. So, sphagum, polytrichum, marchantis and riccia belongs to Bryophyta and selaginella, pteris, dryopteris and polysiphonia belongs to pteridophyta. That's why they consists Haplo-Diplontic life cylcle. 

A diploid parent plant body produces _______ gametes and a haploid parent plant body produces _________ gametes.

  1. Diploid, haploid

  2. Haploid, diploid

  3. Diploid, diploid

  4. Haploid, haploid


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A diploid parent plant body produces haploid gametes (by reductional division) and a haploid parent plant body produces haploid gametes (by equational division). As the gametes are to be haploid since after union they will re-establish the ploidy level similar to the parent generation.
So, the correct answer is 'Haploid, haploid'.

The gametophyte of  Bryophytes reproduction sexually by Isogamy Physiological anisogamy

  1. Isogamy

  2. Physiological anisogamy

  3. Siphanogamous oogamy

  4. Zooidogamous oogamy


Correct Option: A

Arange the following division in the correct sequence of the progressive evolution in their haploid phase (Gametophyte)
I) Thallophyta
II) Bryophyta
III) Pteridophyta 
IV) Spermatophta

  1. $IV,III,I,II$

  2. $IV,III,II,I$

  3. $IV,II,III,I$

  4. $II,I,III,IV$


Correct Option: A

The gametophyte is always dioecious in 

  1. All pteridophytes

  2. Gymnosperms only

  3. Angiosperms

  4. All spermatophytes


Correct Option: A

Zygote does not undergo immediate reduction division in all, except :

  1. Gymnosperms

  2. Pteridophytes

  3. Bryophytes

  4. Angiosperms


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Answer is option C i.e. "Bryophytes"
The zygote does not undergo meiosis immediately in bryophytes to form the sporophyte (a multi-cellular body). Some cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis to form haploid spores. Spores further germinate to produce the gametophyte.

Choose the correct statement:

  1. bryophytes can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction

  2. sex organ in bryophytes are unicellular

  3. Main plant body in bryophytes are gametophytes , differentiated into true root , stem and leaves

  4. Common examples of liverworts is Polytrichum


Correct Option: A

The term prothallus is used for

  1. Stage before thallus

  2. Plant body without differentiation of stem.leaves and roots

  3. Reduced gametophyte

  4. Reduced sporophyte


Correct Option: C

Opening of floral buds into flowers, is a type of:

  1. Autonomic movement of growth

  2. Autonomic movement of locomotion

  3. Autonomic movement of variation

  4. Paratonic movement of growth


Correct Option: A

Consider the following four statements whether they are correct or wrong
(A)The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than that in mosses
(B)Salvinia is heterosporous
(C)The Life-cycle in all seed-bearing plants is diplontic
(D) In Pinus male and female cones are borne on different trees
 The two wrong statements together are

  1. Statements (A) and (C)

  2. Statements(A) and (D)

  3. Statements(B) and (C)

  4. Statements (A) and (B)


Correct Option: B

What are chromosome number in the following respectively (i) Synergid of Gossypium (ii) Leaf cells in Allium (iii) Endosperm of Saccharum.

  1. $48, 16, 36$

  2. $52, 26, 32$

  3. $26, 16, 120$

  4. $48, 96, 24$


Correct Option: C

Haploids are considered better genetic stock because they ______________.

  1. Require only half of the nutrients

  2. Are best for cytological studies

  3. Grow better under all conditions

  4. Form homozygous individuals on depolarization


Correct Option: A

Production of gametes in Bryophytes involve.

  1. Meiosis

  2. Mitosis

  3. fertilization

  4. Reduction division


Correct Option: A

Which one of the following is not a common feature of gametophyte selfincompatibility systems?

  1. Pollen is $3$-celled

  2. Pistil is wet

  3. Rejection reaction occurs in the style

  4. In vitro germination of pollen is easy


Correct Option: A

Aposporously formed gametophytes in Dryopetris will bear gametes that are ____________.

  1. Haploid

  2. Diploid

  3. Triploid

  4. Tetraploid


Correct Option: A

Gametophyte self incompatibility does not differ from saprophytic self incompatibility in that.

  1. There is co dominance of self incompatibility alleles

  2. Both give $50\%$ functional. Pollen in pollinations on some other plants

  3. There is breakdown of incompatibility on induction of polyploidy

  4. There is complete failure of seed set on self pollination


Correct Option: A

Read the given paragraph.
Where there is alternation of generations, the haploid multicellular plant is called a   (i)   and the diploid multicellular plant is called   (ii)   .    (iii)   generation is the dominant phase in algae showing haplontic type of life cycle. Bryophytes and pteridophytes usually possess    (iv)   types of life cycle.
Select the correct sequence of terms to complete the above paragraph.

  1. (i)-Sporophyte, (ii)-Gametophyte, (iii)-Gametophyte, (iv)-Diplontic

  2. (i)-Gametophyte, (ii)-Sporophyte, (iii)-Sporophyte, (iv)-Haplontic

  3. (i)-Sporophyte, (ii)-Gametophyte, (iii)-Sporophyte, (iv)-Haplodiplontic

  4. (i)-Gametophyte, (ii)-Sporophyte, (iii)-Gametophyte, (iv)-Haplodiplontic


Correct Option: D

Read the given statements and select the correct option. 
Statement 1 : Bryophytes show alternation of generation.
Statement 2 : A haploid gametophytic generation and a diploid sporophytic generation alternate in the life cycle.

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

  3. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Following are the correct statements: 

(i) Bryophytes show alternation of generation.
(ii) A haploid gametophytic generation and a diploid sporophytic generation alternate in the life cycle.
So, the correct answer is (a).

In moss,antheridia and archegonia occur at the tips of two different branches of the same plant.The condition is called

  1. Monoecious and autoecious

  2. Monoecious and paroicous

  3. Monoecious and synoicous

  4. Dioecious.


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is a diploid?

  1. Capsule of moss

  2. Gametophyte. archegonia and egg of moss

  3. Gametophyte, antheridia and sperm of moss

  4. Gametophyte and spore of moss


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mosses have neither pollen nor flowers and rely on water to carry the male gametes (the sperm) to the female gametes (the eggs). The spore capsules are produced after the sperms have fertilized the eggs. As they are produced after fertilisation, these spore capsules are diploid.

So, the correct option is 'Capsule of moss'.

Which one has the larges gametophyte?

  1. Cycas

  2. Angiosperm

  3. Selaginella

  4. Moss


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In bryophytes and pteridophytes and gymnosperms the male and female gametophytes to not have an independent free-living existence. They remain within the sporophyte. The gametophytes are quite large in Bryophytes as compared to other phyla like pteridophytes or angiosperms.

So, the correct option is 'Moss'

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