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Preparation of compost - class-VII

Description: preparation of compost
Number of Questions: 26
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Tags: waste management dealing with garbage biology garbage in, garbage out environmental management evs animal- the base of our life wastewater story food production: soil and water management waste water story
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Which of the following groups contains only easily biodegradable items?

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Grass, flower and leather

  2. Grass, wood and plastic

  3. Fruits, peel cake and lime juice

  4. Cake, wood and grass

Show answer
Correct Option: A,C,D
Explanation:
Biodegradable items can be degraded into simpler molecules by the action of microbes. These include grass, flowers, leather, wood, fruit peels, cake, lime juice etc. All these items can be decomposed by microorganisms.
Plastic is non-biodegradable as it can't be decomposed by the action of microorganisms and thus, it remains in nature for a long period of time.
So, the correct answer is option A, C and D. 

Safai karamcharis collect the garbage in trucks and take it to a low lying open area. This area is called as

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Dust bin

  2. Garbage

  3. Landfill

  4. Waste

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Safai karamcharis collect the garbage in trucks and take it to a low lying open area, called a landfill.

So, the correct answer is 'landfill'

Which of the following action or activity may causes undesirable effect to our environment?
i)  Catching and keeping animals such as bird and cats at home.
ii) Feeding birds such as pigeon and crows in our neighbourhood.
iii) Burning unwanted plastic product in our neighbourhood o reduce non - biodegradable rubbish.
iv) Dumping biodegradable refuse such as fruit skins and bones in our sewage to make the water nutrients rich for healthy growth of flowering plants.

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. iii and iv only

  2. ii and iv only

  3. ii, iii and daily

  4. i, ii, iii and D

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
iii) Burning unwanted plastic product in our neighbourhood or reduce non-biodegradable rubbish.
  • Burning of plastic causes air pollution due to the release of nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxides and other particulate matter into the atmosphere.
iv) Dumping biodegradable refuse such as fruit skins and bones in our sewage to make the water nutrients rich for healthy growth of flowering plants.
  • The above activity causes an undesirable effect on the environment.
  • So, the correct answer is 'iii and iv only'.

Which of the following is the method of controlled aerobic combustion of wastes inside chambers at temperatures as high as 900$^0$-1300$^0$C?

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Sludge burning

  2. Pyrolysis

  3. Incineration

  4. Source reduction

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Incineration is the process of oxidation of combustible substance present in the waste (which is heterogeneous material like minerals, metals etc.). The waste is treated to reduce its volume, convert that into useful form of energy. At a temperature of 900 to 1300$^0$ C, the organic substances in the waste will burn and release energy. So, the correct answer is 'Incineration'.

Combustible and non combustible solid waste, excluding food waste, known as

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Rubbish

  2. Garbage

  3. Solid material

  4. Animal Waste

Show answer
Correct Option: A

What is an approximate percentage of dissolved solid in seawater?

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. 4.50%

  2. 3.50%

  3. 1.50%

  4. 2.50%

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Which solid waste disposal method is endothermal process?

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Compositing

  2. Pulverization

  3. Incineration

  4. Pyrolysis

Show answer
Correct Option: D

The combustion of waste in the absence of Oxygen is called

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Haemolysis

  2. Pyrolysis

  3. Hydrolysis

  4. None

Show answer
Correct Option: B

In which compositing method coarse inert matter is firstly removed?

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Open window Compositing

  2. Machanical Compositing

  3. Compositing by tranching

  4. Pulverization

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Vermi-processing toilet is beneficial because

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. It reduces the diseases.

  2. It increases soil fertility.

  3. Both A and B.

  4. It reduces electricity.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Vermi-processing toilets is a design of a toilet in which humans excreta is treated by earthworms.
  • In this process, human excreta is completely converted to cake like structures called vermi cakes by earthworms. Vermi cakes are used mostly in the soil as manure and fertilizers.
  • The vermi-processing toilet is beneficial because It reduces diseases and increases soil fertility.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Vermi-processing toilet is 

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Alternative sources of energy.

  2. Alternative arrangement of sewage disposal.

  3. Alternative arrangement of sewage treatment.

  4. None of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
An alternative arrangement of sewage disposal: To improve sanitation, low-cost onsite sewage disposal systems are being encouraged. Examples are septic tanks, chemical toilets, composting pits. Septic tanks are suitable for places where there is no sewerage system, for hospitals.

Vermi-processing toilet: A design of a toilet in which humans excreta is treated by earthworms has been tested in India. It has been found to be a novel, low water-use toilet for safe processing of human waste. The operation of the toilet is very simple and hygienic. The human excreta is completely converted to vermi cakes — a resource much needed for soil.

So, the correct answer is 'Alternative arrangement of sewage disposal.'.

In which of the following process, human excreta is completely converted to vermi cakes?

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Vermicomposting

  2. Vermi-processing toilets

  3. Biogas production

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Vermi-processing toilets is a design of a toilet in which humans excreta is treated by earthworms.
  • In this process, human excreta is completely converted to cake like structures called vermi cakes by earthworms. Vermi cakes are used mostly in the soil as manure and fertilizers
  • Hence Vermi-processing toilets, human excreta is completely converted vermi cakes.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Vermi-processing toilets'.

Identify the low-cost onsite sewage disposal system.

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Septic tank

  2. Composting pits

  3. Chemical toilets

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
To improve sanitation, low cost onsite sewage disposal systems are being encouraged. Examples are septic tanks, chemical toilets, composting pits. 
  • Septic tanks are suitable for places where there is no sewerage system, for hospitals, isolated buildings or a cluster of 4 to 5 houses. 
  • Some organisations offer hygienic on-site human waste disposal technology. These toilets do not require scavenging. Excreta from the toilet seats flow through covered drains into a biogas plant. The biogas produced is used as a source of energy. (Composting pits).
  • A chemical toilet collects human excreta in a holding tank and uses chemicals to minimize odors. These toilets are usually, but not always, self-contained and movable. A chemical toilet is structured around a relatively small tank, which needs to be emptied frequently.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'
 

The worm used in vermi-processing toilet is

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Redworm.

  2. Roundworm.

  3. Flatworm.

  4. None of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Vermi-processing toilets is a design of a toilet in which humans excreta is treated by earthworms and redworms.
  • In this process, human excreta is completely converted to cake like structures called vermi cakes by earthworms. Vermi cakes are used mostly in the soil as manure and fertilizers.
  •  Hence The worm used in the vermi-processing toilet is Redworm.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Redworm'.

Which of the following is associated with the vermi-processing toilets?

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Low water use toilet

  2. Electronic toilet

  3. Kid's toilet

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Vermi-processing toilets is a design of a toilet in which humans excreta is treated by earthworms.
  • In this process, human excreta is completely converted to cake like structures called vermi cakes by earthworms. Vermi cakes are used mostly in the soil as manure and fertilizers.
  • The vermi-processing toilets do not use water for flushing and therefore called dry toilets. 
  • Hence vermi-processing toilets are associated with Low water use toilet because they do not use water for flushing.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Low water use toilet

The human excreta can be used for the production of ________________.

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Vermi cakes for fertilizer

  2. Vermi cakes as manure

  3. Vermi cakes as animal food

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Excreta of the humans can be used for making vermicompost using earthworms. Vermi cakes are formed after composting of human excreta. It contains substances like phosphorous, potassium and nitrogen which are major components of fertilizers. Vermi cakes are also used as manure which is an organic matte. It is used as organic fertilizer. 
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Pyrolysis of wood occurs in

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Presence of air

  2. Absence of air

  3. Limited supply of air

  4. Both B and C

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pyrolysis is the term used for thermal decomposition of materials at high temperature in an inert atmosphere i.e. absence of air.

So, the correct answer is 'Absence of air'

Pyrolysis of wood occurs in

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Presence of air

  2. Absence of air

  3. Limited supply of air

  4. Both B and C

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Enzymatic filters are used for removing

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Nitrogen pollutants

  2. Chloride pollutants

  3. Hydrocarbons

  4. Lead

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Hydrocarbon Removal filters are designed to remove hydrocarbons and sediment contaminants from groundwater accumulation in bunded areas, outfalls or as part of any pollution preventative drainage solution on your site, where hydrocarbon risk entering the environment.
The contaminants are absorbed by the smart filtration technology which bond with the hydrocarbon molecules to efficiently encapsulate and solidify hydrocarbons internally in the cartridge.
This allows filtered groundwater to pass unimpeded through the filter.
So the correct answer is 'Hydrocarbons'.

Composting is carried out from

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Sewage sludge

  2. Rubbish

  3. Garbage and sewage sludge

  4. Industrial wastes

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Compost is the nutrient rich organic matter that is formed by the decomposition of plant and animal material. The process of making compost is called composting. The microbes break down the organic matter into humus that contains nutrients beneficial to plants. Compost is used to increase the fertility of the soil and aid the growth of plants. Compost can be made from various raw materials that are biodegradable. This include vegetable peels, kitchen waste, garbage and even sewage sludge too as it contains the bacteria that carry out the decomposition of organic matter.
So, the correct answer is 'Garbage and sewage sludge'.

Pyrolysis of wood yields

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Alcohol

  2. Charcoal

  3. Charcoal and wood gas

  4. Charcoal, wood gas, tar and oil

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Pyrolysis is the thermal composition of a material by heating it at a very high temperature. Pyrolysis of wood occurs at a temperature of  200–300 °C. Many products are formed from pyrolysis of wood like charcoal, tar, wood gas and wood oil. Charcoal is the residue left after burning of wood. It is rich in carbon. Wood gas and wood oil are used as fuels. Tar is a black liquid and used as filler in roads.
So, the correct answer is 'Charcoal, wood gas, tar and oil'.

Pyroligneous acid produced during pyrolysis of wood is

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Creosote

  2. Acetic acid

  3. Methyl alcohol

  4. Ammonia

Show answer
Correct Option: B

The buildings which do not have a sewage system can _____________.

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Construct drainage tanks

  2. Construct septic tanks

  3. Construct sewage water bodies

  4. Construct septic canals

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Septic tanks are underground tanks in which sewage is collected and allowed to decompose with the use of bacteria. Drainage tanks are used to remove water. Sewage pollutes the water bodies when directly discharged into water bodies like river. Septic canal is a tubular passageway for the disposal for sewage.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

In compositing, volume of solid waste is

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Reduced

  2. Enhanced

  3. Burnt

  4. Removed

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Pollution due to sewage can be reduced by 

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. Creating separate chemical toilets.

  2. Constructing septic tanks.

  3. Letting off drainage in rivers.

  4. Both A and B.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A very large fraction of our people defecates in the open, on dry riverbeds, on railway tracks, near fields and many a time directly in water. Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. It may cause water pollution and soil pollution. Both the surface water and groundwater get polluted.
  • A septic tank is an underground chamber made of concrete, fiberglass or plastic through which domestic wastewater flows for basic treatment. Settling and anaerobic processes reduce solids and organics, but the treatment efficiency is only moderate. Septic tank systems are a type of simple onsite sewage facility.
  • Chemical toilet is a toilet that is not connected to a sewage system but has a compartment in which waste is treated with chemicals for temporary storage.
  • Letting off drainage in rivers will cause water pollution.
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'

Which is correctly matched?
$1$. Arsenic poisoning- Black foot disease
$2$. Secondary Effluent treatment- Biological process
$3$. Pyrolysis- Solid soil waste disposal
$4$.

Tubifex- Water pollution indicator


$5$. Biomagnification - Degradable pollutants

evs garbage in, garbage out preparation of compost sewage disposal solid waste management

  1. $1, 2, 3, 5$

  2. $1, 3, 4, 5$

  3. $2, 3, 4, 5$

  4. $1, 2, 3, 4$

  5. $1, 2, 4, 5$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  1. Arsenic poisoning causes black foot disease as arsenic is a carcinogen that results in darkening of the skin and abdominal issues.
    2. Secondary treatment to the effluents involves a biological process in which the organic matter in the effluent is decomposed by the bacteria and fungi.
    3. Pyrolysis is the process in which the solid soil is subjected to the high temperature to decompose it into ash.
    4. Tubifex is a roundworm that can sustain the polluted water that has low levels of dissolved oxygen and heavy metal deposition. So, its growth in any water body indicates water pollution.
    5. Biomagnification is the ability of the non-degradable pollutants to stay in the adipose tissues of the living organisms and persist in higher concentration.
    Hence, the correct answer is '1,2,3,4'.
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