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Earthworm - reproductive system - class-XI

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Fortilization in earthworm is

  1. Cross fertilization

  2. Mutual fertilization

  3. Self fertilization

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Earthworm is a bisexual or hermaphrodite but always shows cross-fertilization due to polyandrous conditions.

Number of ovaries present in earthworm is

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Four

  4. Eight


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The number of ovaries present in Earthworm is one pair of ovaries. One pair of ovaries is attached at the intersegmental septum of the 12th and 13th segments. Ovarian funnels are present beneath the ovaries which continue into the oviduct and open on the ventral side.

So the correct answer is "Two".

In earthworms, self fertilization does not occur due to 

  1. Protandry

  2. Protogyny

  3. Both A and B

  4. Dichogamy


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Earthworms are monoecious or hermaphrodite (have both male and female sex organs) but are protandrous. The testes mature earlier than ovaries and hence, self-fertilisation is avoided.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Number of testes in Earthworm is

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Four

  4. Eight


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Earthworm is hermaphrodite. There are two pairs of testes present in the 10th and 11th segments. Their vasa deferentia run up to the 18th segment where they join the prostratic duct. The prostate and spermatic duct open to the exterior by a pair of male genital pores on the ventrolateral side of the 18th segment. 

So the correct answer is "Four".

The female genital aperture, in earthworm is present ventrally on the segment

  1. 10th

  2. 12th

  3. 14th

  4. 18th


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Four pairs of spermathecae are located in 6th-9th segments. They receive and store spermatozoa during copulation. One pair of ovaries is attached at the inter-segmental septum of the 12th and 13th segments. Ovarian funnels are present beneath the ovaries which continue into the oviduct, join together and open on the ventral side as a single median female genital pore on the 14th segment.

So the correct answer is '14th'.

Spermathecae of Earthworm

  1. Store sperms

  2. Produce sperms

  3. Activate sperms

  4. Bring about fertilization


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In Earthworm there are four pairs of spermathecae which are located in the 6th - 9th segments one pair in each segment. They receive and store spermatazoa during copulation. One pair of ovaries is attached at the inter-segmental septum of the 12th and 13th segments.

So the correct answer is 'Store sperms'.

In Earthworm male genital apertures are present ventrally in the segment

  1. 14th

  2. 15th

  3. 17th

  4. 18th


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A pair of male genital pores is present on the ventrolateral sides of the 18th segment. Numerous minute pores called nephridiopores open on the surface of the body. In each body segment, except the first, last and clitellum, there are rows of S-shaped setae, embedded in the epidermal pits in the middle of each segment.

So the correct answer is '18th'.

The animal which does not show any metamorphosis or larval stage is

  1. Pheretima posthuma

  2. Asterias

  3. Musca domestica

  4. Butterfly


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Asterias, Musca domestica and butterfly include a larval stage in their life cycle. Whereas in the case of Pheretima, there is no larval stage involved and the development is direct mode of development.

So, the correct answer is 'Pheretima posthuma'.

Copulation period of Earthworm is

  1. One hour

  2. Two hours

  3. Four hours

  4. About one week


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Answer is option A i.e. "One hour"
Copulation lasts for about an hour. Then the worms separate and later (after some day) they lay their eggs in cocoon. Cocoon formation takes place after copulation, when ovaries mature.

Spermathecae of earthworm take part in

  1. Collection of sperms of other animal

  2. Collection of sperms of the same animal

  3. Sperm maturation

  4. Fertilisation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Spermathecae, which are four pairs are arranged one each in 6,7,8 and 9 th segments. Spermathecae are also called as seminal receptacles as they store spermatozoa from another worm  in the diverticular region during copultion. The ampulla of spermathecae nourish the sperms.

So, the correct answer is 'Collection of sperms of other animal'. 

Choose the wrongly matched pair regarding the position of reproductive structures in earthworm.

  1. Testes 10th and 11th segments

  2. Spermathecae 6th to 9th segments

  3. Male genital pore 9th segment

  4. Female genital pore 14th segment

  5. Ovaries intersegmental septum of 12th and 13th segment


Correct Option: C

Female genital aperture in earthworm is found in 

  1. 10$^{th}$ segment

  2. 12$^{th}$ segment

  3. 14$^{th}$segment

  4. 18$^{th}$segment


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The oviduct funnel located below ovary opens into a short conical tube called oviduct. Two oviducts fuse together and open outside through female genital aperture located in the 14$^{th}$ segment.

So, the correct option is '14$^{th}$ segment.'.

Earthworms are hermaphrodite and reproduce primarily by

  1. Self-fertilization

  2. Cross-fertilization

  3. Asexualy

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Earthworms are hermaphrodites but they cannot fertilize their own eggs because of their relative position of male and female genital aperture and they are protrandous (i.e. male sex mature earlier than female gametes). So, cross-fertilization takes place instead of self-fertilization.

So, the correct option is 'Cross-fertilization'.

Nutritive substance for cocoon secreted by

  1. Mucous cells

  2. Albuminous cells

  3. Yellow cells

  4. All of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The clitellum plays an important role in reproduction. Its glands produce mucous which becomes a sheath containing nutritive material. The sheath slides forwards, collecting eggs and sperm from the genital openings of the worm. The sheath finally slides off from the head of the worm. As it separates from the worm, its ends are sealed. It now becomes a cocoon.

So, the correct option is 'Mucous cells'.

In Pheretima, the dorsal surfaces is marked by a mid dorsal line, whereas the ventral surface is distinguish the present of

  1. Dorsal blood vessels

  2. Genital pores

  3. Absence of setae

  4. Parapodia


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Genital pores for both male and female organs are present on the ventral side of the earthworm. Also, setae are present on the ventral side.

So, the correct option is 'Genital pores'.

A biology student has to distinguish the anterior and posterior end of Pheretima morphologically. For it, he can observe/ locate

  1. Parapodia

  2. Eyes

  3. Clitellum

  4. Tentacles


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The anterior region of Pheretima consists of a thick, saddle-like ring found in the epidermis known as Clitellum This structure is easily visible with naked eyes hence a person can easily distinguish the anterior and posterior end of pheretima.

So the correct answer is 'Clitellum'.

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding sexuality in organisms?

  1. When both male and female flowers are present on the same plant, the condition is said to be monoecious and is present in cucurbits and coconuts

  2. When both male and female flowers are present on the separate plants, the condition is said to be dioecious and is present in papaya and date palms

  3. In earthworm, both male and female sex organs are present in the same individual and therefore, self-fertilisation occurs in them

  4. Cockroach is an unisexual animal and exhibit sexual dimorphism


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cross-fertilization occurs in many hermaphrodite animals as in earthworm. It is due to the fact that their male and female reproductive organs mature at different times.

Thus, the correct answer is 'In earthworm, both male and female sex organs are present in the same individual and therefore, self-fertilization occurs in them.'

One of the following is wrong about male reproductive organs of earthworm

  1. Two fluid-filled testis sacs with pair of spermiducal funnel attached to vasa differentia

  2. Two pairs of seminal vesicles

  3. Four pairs of spermathecae

  4. One pair of prostate gland

  5. All of the above


Correct Option: E
Explanation:
Earthworm is a hermaphrodite i.e. ovaries and testes are present in the same individual. There are two pairs of testes present in the 10th and 11thsegments. Testes are enclosed by a fluid-filled sac called testes sac. Testis sec with the pair of a funnel attached to the vasa deferentia, which run up to the 18th  segment where they join the prostatic duct. In the earthworm reproductive system, four pairs of spermathecae, two pairs of seminal vesicles and one pair of the prostate gland are present.
So, 'All of the above'

Larva is not found in the life of 

  1. Pheretima

  2. Taenia

  3. Musca

  4. Rana


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In Pheretima, a cocoon contains many fertilised eggs but only one embryo completes development, while other ova serve as nurse cells. The development is direct without a free larval stage. After the development of 2-3 weeks, the young worm crawls out of the cocoon. So, the correct answer is option A.

In earthworm, the process of spermatogenesis takes place in 

  1. Spermatheca

  2. Testis

  3. Testis sac

  4. Seminal vesicle


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

There are two pairs of testes, which are situated in the 10$^{th}$ and 11$^{th}$ segments on each side of the alimentary canal. The germinal epithelium of the testis gives rise to the sperm cells by spermatogenesis. So, the correct answer is option B.

Which of the following is marine leech?

  1. Haemadipsa

  2. Bonellia

  3. Hirudinaria

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Leech belongs to phylum Annelida. The 'green spoonworm' (Bonellia viridis) lives in a marine habitat. It shows sexual dimorphism. It is also known as the biocidal properties of a pigment in its skin. It is found in the north-eastern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean and Red seas. It is pale- to dark-green in colour, with a 15 cm long, round or sausage-shaped body. Hence, option B is correct.

In Earthworm, ovary is situated in segment

  1. 13

  2. 9

  3. 10

  4. 26


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Earthworms are hermaphrodites; that is, they have both male and female sexual organs.  The two or four pairs of seminal vesicles produce, store and release the sperm via the male pores. Ovaries and oviducts are in segment 13 release eggs. Ovarian funnels are present beneath the ovaries which continue into the oviduct, join together.

So the correct answer is '13'.

Spermathecae occur in earthworm in

  1. 6th-9thsegments

  2. 6th-10th segments

  3. 6th-11th segments

  4. 5th-8th segments


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The spermathacae are also called as receptaculum seminis. species of earthworms have four pairs of spermathecae one pair each in the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th segments. The spermathecae receive and store the spermatozoa of another earthworm during copulation. They are lined with epithelium and are variable in shape: some are thin, heavily coiled tubes.

So the correct answer is '6th - 9th segments'.

Which one correctly describes the location of body parts in Pheretima?

  1. Two pairs of accessory glands in 1618 segments

  2. Two pairs of testes in 10th and 11th segments

  3. Four pairs of spemathecae in 47 segments

  4. One pair of ovaries attached over septum 1415 segments


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Two pairs of accessory glands are present in 17th and 19th segments. Four pairs of spermathecae are located in 6th-9th segments. They receive and store spermatozoa during copulation. One pair of ovaries is attached at the inter-segmental septum of the 12th and 13th segments.

Two pairs of testes are present on the 10th and 11th segments.
So the correct answer is 'Two pairs of testes in 10th and 11th segments'.

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Flukes and tapeworms:

  1. show cephalization

  2. have well-developed reproductive systems

  3. have well-developed nervous systems

  4. have a tube-within-a-tube body plan


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Tapeworm and fluke worms belong to class Platyhelminthes. They both are having well developed reproductive systems.

So the correct answer is "have well-developed reproductive systems".

Part of peritoneum that suspends testes is called

  1. Mesentery

  2. Mesorchium

  3. Mesovarium

  4. Renal peritoneum


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A mesentery is a double layer of visceral peritoneum. It connects an intraperitoneal organ to (usually) the posterior abdominal wall. It provides a pathway for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics to travel from the body wall to the viscera.
The mesentery of the small intestine is simply called ‘the mesentery’. Mesentery related to other parts of the gastrointestinal system is named according to the viscera it connects to the mesoappendix.
So the correct answer is 'Mesentery'.
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