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Nose : the olfactory organ - class-XI

Description: nose : the olfactory organ
Number of Questions: 23
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Tags: windows of knowledge biology neural control and coordination sense organs
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The forward section of the nasal cavity within and above each nostril, is called as

  1. Conchae

  2. Vestibule

  3. Turbinates

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The forward section of the nasal cavity within and above each nostril is called as a vestibule. This region of the nose is lined by stratified squamous epithelium on which stiff hairs are present which prohibit entry of dust particles coming along with the inspired air. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Nose opens out through

  1. Nasal cavity

  2. External nostrils

  3. Pharynx

  4. Internal nostrils


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is responsible of olfactory reception?

  1. Eyes

  2. Nose

  3. Tongue

  4. Ears


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Nose is a most important sense organ of smell. The human nose can detect approximately 10,000 different odours. Nose also helps in the process of respiration.

Above the uppermost concha, is the 

  1. Vestibule

  2. Olfactory bulb

  3. Conchae

  4. Turbinates


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Above the uppermost concha, is the olfactory bulb. It processes information about odours.
The entire nasal cavity is lined by a moist mucous membrane supplied with a large number of blood vessels.
The mucous membrane also has fine hair-like projections called the cilia which collect any debris entering the nasal cavity.
Apart from the cilia, the mucous membrane also has several cells. Some of these cells are called as secretory cells. Secretory cells secrete a thick, viscous fluid called as the mucous.

Flavour is sense of

  1. Taste

  2. Smell

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Flavour is a combination of taste and smell while eating or sipping. There are two types of receptors like gustato receptors and olfactory receptors which are involved in the sense of taste and smell respectively.

The receptors present in the mucus membrane of nasal cavity are :

  1. Optic receptors

  2. Auditory receptors

  3. Olfactory receptors

  4. All the above


Correct Option: A

Where are the receptors for smell located in the nose?

  1. Olfactory foramina

  2. Olfactory bulb

  3. Olfactory epithelium

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The receptors for smell are located in the olfactory epithelium in the nose or nasal chamber thus, whatever comes near to our nose we can immediately sense its smell.

Jacobson's organs are connected with

  1. Touch

  2. Smell

  3. Sight

  4. Hearing


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Jacobson's organ, also known as vomeronasal organ is an organ of chemoreception and part of olfactory system. These are present in many animals and help them to smell things. These are present in the form of patches of sensory cells in the nasal chamber. They lie close to the nasal bone. These organs are named after their discoverer,  Ludvig Levin Jacobson.
So, the correct answer is 'Smell'.

Nasal epithelium is formed of

  1. Columnar epithelium

  2. Keratinised epithelium

  3. Pseudostratified epithelium

  4. Glandular epithelium


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Nasal epithelium lies in the roof of nostril. It is pseudostratified epithelium which is composed of olfactory sensory neurons. The neurons are bipolar neurons having dendritic knobs that bear olfactory receptors. Pseudostratified epithelium means a single layer of cells. More appropriately, the nasal epithelium is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium as the cells are columnar and have cilia projecting from the surface of cells.
 So, the correct answer is 'Pseudostratified epithelium'.

The glands which help in absorbing odoriferous substances to stimulate olfactory nerve are

  1. Cerumenous glands

  2. Meibomian glands
  3. Bowman's glands

  4. Cowper's glands

  5. Bidder's glands


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Bowman's glands are branched tubular glands in the olfactory mucous membrane. The structure of the Bowman's glands consists of an acinus in the lamina propria and a secretory duct going out through the olfactory epithelium. Bowman's glands secrete proteins, such as lysozyme, amylase and IgA similar to serous glands. 

Bowman's glands occur in

  1. Seminiferous tubules

  2. Pleural membrane

  3. Olfactory membrane

  4. Cardiac muscles


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Bowman's glands are also known as olfactory glands. They are present in olfactory mucosa of nasal cavity beneath the olfactory epithelium. The olfactory glands contain a secretory duct. The olfactory membrane is located over thick connective tissue called lamina propria. The olfactory glands secrete a mucous substance that protects the nasal epithelium from getting dry out.
So, the correct answer is 'Olfactory membrane'.

Some persons have an innate sense of direction. It is due to magnetic sensitivity of

  1. Cochlea

  2. Corpora quadrigemina

  3. Nose

  4. Pinna


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  •  Humans possess a tiny, shiny crystal of magnetite in the ethmoid bone, located between your eyes, just behind the nose.
  •  Magnetite is a magnetic mineral also possessed by homing pigeons, migratory salmon, dolphins, honeybees, and bats is a tiny compass needle, allowing them to orient themselves in the earth's magnetic field and swim down to their happy home in the mud. Hence, Some persons have an innate sense of direction. It is due to the magnetic sensitivity of the Nose.
So, the correct answer is 'Nose'.

Glands whose secretions pick up odoriferous substances to stimulate olfactory nerves are

  1. Bidder's glands

  2. Cowper's glands

  3. Meibomian glands

  4. Bowman's glands

  5. Ceruminous glands


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Bowman's glands are olfactory glands present in olfactory mucosa below olfactory epithelium. They contain secretory vesicles. They secrete mucous substances that prevent the nasal epithelium from getting dry out. The secretions from these glands pick up odoriferous substances i.e. the substances that have a particular smell, and stimulate olfactory nerves which carry the information related to smell to the brain.
So, the correct answer is 'Bowman's glands'.

Olfactory membrane is connected with __________.

  1. Taste

  2. Vision

  3. Smell

  4. Hearing


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A. Taste is perceived by taste buds present on tongue.
B. Vision is perceived by photoreceptor cells present in retina and they may be cones (for daylight vison and coloured vision) or rods (for low light vision).
C. Smell is perceived by olfactory membrane which is a structure present in upper part of nasal cavity.
D. Hearing is perceived by organ of Corti in middle ear which contains many hair cells that are sensitive to sounds or vibrations.
So, the correct answer is 'Smell'.

Both olfactory receptors and sound receptors have cilia, and they both

  1. are chemoreceptors

  2. are mechanoreceptors

  3. initiate nerve impulses

  4. all of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 Both olfactory receptors and sound receptors have cilia. The different senses are taste, smell, vision and auditory senses. In humans, specialized sensory receptors are present in distinct sense organs that detect the sensory stimuli and transmit the stimuli as nerve impulses to the brain.


So, the correct answer is 'initiate nerve impulses'.

Anosmia is _____

  1. Loss of the sense of taste

  2. Loss of the sense of smell

  3. Loss of the sense of sound

  4. Loss of the sense of touch


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The following are disorders of olfaction: Anosmia inability to smell. ysosmia things smell different from memory or expectation. Hyperosmia an abnormally acute sense of smell. Hyposmia decreased ability to smell.

A person aged 21 will probably lose _____ of their smell at 22.

  1. None

  2. 50%

  3. 1%

  4. 5%


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Fact:
On increasing age,olfactory sensation decreases. In female humans, the sense of olfaction is strongest around the time of ovulation, significantly stronger than during other phases of the menstrual cycle and stronger than the sense in males.

The ability to perceive pheromones is related to the sense of

  1. audition

  2. gustation

  3. equilibrium

  4. olfaction


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

(A)Audition is the sense of hearing.

(B)Gustation is the sense of tasting.
(C)Equilibrium is the equalizing process.
(D)Olfaction is the sense of smell.  It should be noted that some pheromones are detected by the main olfactory system.

So, the correct option is 'Olfaction'.

The olfactory receptors in human body are found in 

  1. Skin

  2. Nose

  3. Throat

  4. Gums


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Olfactory receptors are found in nose. They are associated with the perception of smell. Olfactory receptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons are responsible for the detection of odor molecules. Activated olfactory receptors are the initial player in a signal transduction cascade which ultimately produces a nerve impulse which is transmitted to the brain.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Select the odd one on the basis of function?

  1. Visual area

  2. Auditory area

  3. Olfactory area

  4. Motor area


Correct Option: A

Olfactory receptor organs are sensitive to

  1. Light

  2. Sound

  3. Smell

  4. Equilibrium


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Olfactory receptors are also known as odorant receptors. 
  • They are present in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odour which gives rise to the sense of smell.
  • Hence,  Olfactory receptor organs are sensitive to Smell.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Smell'.

Nasal chamber is divided into two parts by ____________

  1. $Sphenoid$

  2. $Palatine$

  3. $Mesethmoid$

  4. $Zygomatic$


Correct Option: A
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