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Cell parameters - class-VIII

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A cell weighing 1 mg grows to double its initial mass before dividing into two daughter cells of equal mass. Assuming no death, at the end of 100 divisions what will be the ratio of the mass of the entire populations of these cells to that of the mass of the Earth? Assume that mass of the Earth is $10^{24}Kg$ and $2^{10}$ is approximately equal to $1000$.

  1. $10^{-28}$

  2. $10^{-3}$

  3. $1$

  4. $10^3$


Correct Option: D

Hybridoma cells are

  1. nervous cells of frog

  2. hybrid cells resulting from myeloma cells

  3. only cells having oncogenes

  4. product of spore formation in bacteria.


Correct Option: B

The organism made up of only a single cell is known as 

  1. Unicellular

  2. Acellular

  3. Multicellular

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The cell is the structural unit of life. Unicellular organisms are made up of one cell that performs all the functions and thus, called as a single-celled organism.

Which of these is a multicellular organism?

  1. Amoeba

  2. Paramoecium

  3. Human beings

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A. Amoeba is a single-celled eukaryotic organism that moves by the means of pseudopodia.
B. Paramoecium is a unicellular eukaryotic organism. It is a ciliate.
C. Human beings are the multicellular primates, scientifically known as Homo sapiens.
So, the correct answer is 'Human beings'.

Which one from the following is an example of multicellular organism?

  1. Chlamydomonas

  2. Bacteria

  3. Snake

  4. Amoeba


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The cell is the structural unit of life. Unicellular organisms are made up of one cell that performs all the functions e.g., bacteria, amoeba, Chlamydomonas. Whereas, multicellular organisms are made up of numbers of cells and a differnt group of cells perform a different function to maintain life. Snake is an example of the multicellular eukaryotic organism.

Efficient large-sized cells are

  1. Elongated

  2. Elongated or branched

  3. With large surface area

  4. Having microvilli


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Generally, cells are small so they can have an efficient surface area to volume ratio. Cells are so small so they can diffuse faster and all their processes will be a lot faster because of the smaller size of the cell.
  • For the large sized cells to become Efficient the cells must be elongated in order to have an efficient surface area to volume ratio.
  • Hence efficient large-sized cells are elongated.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Elongated'.
  • Which of following organisms can be seen only under the microscope?

    1. Unicellular

    2. Multicellular

    3. Vertebrates

    4. All of the above


    Correct Option: A
    Explanation:
    • Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic size and are thus classified as microorganisms, for example, Phytoplankton and protozoa range from about 0.001 mm to about 0.25 mm.
    • Most of the multicellular organisms and vertebrates are visible to the naked eye, which means that it is possible to view them without using the microscope.
      So, option A is the correct answer.

    Which one is enucleated?

    1. Squamous epithelial cells

    2. Mature leucocyte of man

    3. Mature erythrocyte of frog

    4. Mature erythrocyte of man

    5. Osteocyte in man


    Correct Option: D
    Explanation:

    • Enucleation is the phenomenon in which the nucleus is removed. Enucleation occurs roughly when the cell has reached maturity.
    • Red blood cells or Erythrocytes are initially produced in the bone marrow with a nucleus. They then undergo a process known as enucleation.
    • Enucleation allows the red blood cell to contain more hemoglobin and therefore, carry more oxygen molecules. It also allows the cell to have its distinctive bi-concave shape which aids diffusion. This shape would not be possible if the cell had a nucleus in the way. Hence mature erythrocyte of man is enucleated.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Mature erythrocyte of man'.

    Forthe formation of diploid cells from haploid cells, colchicine is used to

    1. Stop the spindle fibres formation

    2. Replicate DNA twicely in one cell cycle

    3. Stop the formation of centromere

    4. Stop the mitotic division


    Correct Option: A

    Growth at cellular level, is principally a consequence of increase in the amount of

    1. Protoplasm

    2. DNA

    3. Cell wall

    4. Cell organelles


    Correct Option: A
    Explanation:

    Protoplasm comprises of cytoplasm, nucleus and other cell organelles. Growth at cellular level includes increase in size of nucleus and other cell organelles. The growth at cellular level is a result of increase in amount of protoplasm.

    Thus, the correct answer is 'Protoplasm.'

    Which of the following factors affect a cell's surface area to volume ratio?
    (I) Cell size
    (II) Presence of selectively permeable membrane
    (III) Presence of a convoluted membrane
    (IV) Presence of many membrane transport protein

    1. (I) only

    2. (I), (II), (III) only

    3. (I) and (III) only

    4. (III) and (IV) only


    Correct Option: A

    Refer to the following table for your possible answer.

    Cell types analysed Average mass of DNA/cell (x $10^{-11}$g)
    X $0.00$
    Y $3.35$
    Kidney $6.70$
    Lung $6.70$

    What is the correct identify of cell type X and Y?

    1. X-sperm cell, Y-liver cell

    2. X-liver cell, Y-smooth muscle cell

    3. X-smooth muscle cell, Y-mature red blood cell

    4. X-mature red blood cell, Y-sperm cell


    Correct Option: A

    The maximum work that a standard Daniell cell can do before it stops working is
    $[1 \,F = 96487\, C\, mol^{-1}\, and\, E^o = 1.1 V]$

    1. $212.271\, kJ \,mol^{-1}$

    2. $21.227\, kJ \,mol^{-1}$

    3. $721.221 \,kJ \,mol^{-1}$

    4. $71.222 \,kJ \,mol^{-1}$


    Correct Option: A

    The surface area to volume ratio increase as the cell size 

    1. Unaltered

    2. Slightly increase

    3. Decrease

    4. Increase in many layers


    Correct Option: C
    Explanation:

    The total area on the surface of an object is called as 'Surface area' and here the object is 'cell'. While the volume is the amount of the space present inside the cell.

    The volume is expressed in cubic units while surface area is expressed in square units
    The surface area and volume gets affected, when size of the cell is altered i.e., either increased or decreased.
    Let's see how the surface area and volume ratio gets affected...

    • When the cell size increases, the volume increases more than surface area because the volume increases in cubes while surface area increases in squares. Hence, both volume and surface area increases at different rates. And here the surface area to volume ratio decreases as the volume is more than surface area.
    • When the cell size decreases, the volume decreases at unequal rates with respect to surface area. This leads to an increase of the surface area to volume ratio.
    Therefore, the surface area to volume ratio increases with the decrease in cell size.

    Smaller cells have

    1. Small surface area per volume ratio.

    2. Large surface area per volume ratio.

    3. Slow exchange rate of nutrients.

    4. None of the above.


    Correct Option: B
    Explanation:

    Surface area to the volume ratio gets smaller as the cell gets larger. Thus, if the cell grows beyond a certain limit, not enough material will be able to cross the membrane fast enough to accommodate the increased cellular volume. Small cells, therefore, have a large surface area to volume ratio. The large surface area to volume ratio of small cells makes the transport of substances into and out of cells extremely efficient.

    Large cells have a

    1. High metabolic rate.

    2. High respiration rate.

    3. Low surface: volume ratio.

    4. High surface: volume ratio.


    Correct Option: C

    When a cell of $2\mu$$m$ diameter grows to double its diameter, its surface area: volume relationship will _____________.

    1. Remain the same.

    2. Become double.

    3. Reduce to half.

    4. Become undetermined.


    Correct Option: C

    Metabolically active cells have

    1. Lower nucleocytoplasmic ratio.

    2. Higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio.

    3. Higher surface: volume ratio.

    4. Both B and C.


    Correct Option: D

    Volumes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are ........... respectively.

    1. $0.2-10\mu {m}^{3}$ and $1000-10000\mu {m}^{3}$

    2. $0.1-10\mu {m}^{3}$ and $100-1000\mu {m}^{3}$

    3. $0.1-5.0\mu {m}^{3}$ and $3-30\mu {m}^{3}$

    4. $0.1-1.0\mu {m}^{3}$ and $10-100\mu {m}^{3}$


    Correct Option: A

    A bacterium divides every 35 minutes . If a culture containing $ 10^5$ cell per ml is grown for 175 minutes. What will be the cell concentration per ml after 175 mts _______________.

    1. $32 \times 10^5$ cells

    2. $5 \times 10^5$ cells

    3. $35 \times 10^5$ cells

    4. $175 \times 10^5$ cells


    Correct Option: A
    Explanation:
    It is given that a bacterium divides every 35 minutes,
    At 0 minutes, the culture contains $ 10^5 $ cells/ml.
    After 35 minutes, the culture will contain $ 2^1 \times 10^5 $ cells / ml
    similarly, after 175 minutes, that is after 5 generations, the no. of cells
    $ = 2^{5} \times 10^{5}$ cells/ml.
    This is equal to $ 32 \times 10^{5} $ cell/ml
    So, (A) is the correct answer.

    Read the given statements and select the correct option.


    (i) One maize root cell can give rise to more than 17,500 cells.
    (ii) A cell in watermelon can increase in size upto 3,50,000 times.
    (iii) The growth of pollen tube is measured in terms of length.
    (iv) The growth of the leaf is measured in term of surface area.

    1. Statements (i) and (ii) are correct.

    2. Statements (iii) and (iv) are correct.

    3. Statements (i) and (iii) are correct.

    4. Statements (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.


    Correct Option: D
    Explanation:

    The root cells may give rise to more than 17,500 cells, the cells of the root undergo mitotic division in an arithmatic manner, where some of the dividing cells undergo differentiation while others continue to divide.

    A water melon pulp contains about 90% of water, so the enormous increase in size of the cell is due to endosmosis.
    The growth of the pollen tube is measures in $\mu$ meters
    A leaf visually is a two dimensional structure hence it is measured in terms of surface area.
    So, the correct answer is 'Statements (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.'

    The average volume of a eukaryotic cell is

    1. Between 1 $\mu \, m^3$ and 1,000 $\mu \, m^3$

    2. Between 100 $\mu \, m^3$ and 1,000 $\mu \, m^3$

    3. Between 10 $\mu \, m^3$ and 100 $\mu \, m^3$

    4. Generally greater than 10,000 $\mu \, m^3$


    Correct Option: A
    Explanation:

    A cell of 1 μm^3 volume average to the maximum 1,000 μm^3 most highly expressed proteins in a cell.

    So, the correct option is 'Between 1 μm^3 and 1,000 μm^3'.

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