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Periodic trends in chemical properties - class-XI

Description: periodic trends in chemical properties
Number of Questions: 22
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Tags: elements of group 1 and group 2 the s-block elements patterns and properties of metals chemistry the periodic table elements and compounds periodicity
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The element having very high ionization enthalpy but zero electron gain enthalpy is: 

  1. H

  2. F

  3. He

  4. Be


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Inert gases have very high ionization enthalpy and zero electron gain enthalpy. So the correct answer is He.

Which of the following exists as an individual gas-phase atom under standard conditions?

  1. $\displaystyle C$

  2. $\displaystyle N$

  3. $\displaystyle O$

  4. $\displaystyle F$

  5. $\displaystyle Ne$


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Option E is the correct answer.

${Ne} $ or Neon is an inert gas. It has a complete octet (2,8) with 8 electrons in its outermost orbit and is highly stable. And thus under standard conditions it remains as an individual gas phase atom without forming a molecule. 

Group contains the noble gases is_______ group.

  1. 16th

  2. 17th

  3. 18th

  4. Both B and C


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Group 18 contains noble gases.


They have already stable and octet configuration that is they contain 8 electrons in their outer most shell.

Hence they have high ionization potential and zero electron affinity.

They do not participate in chemical bonding because already they are stable.

Option C is correct.

Inert gases are otherwise called zero valent elements.
State whether the given statement is true or false.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Given statement is true.
In general noble elements have a stable configuration that is octet configuration with all orbitals filled. Hence no tendency in either accepting or donating electrons. This is why those are called zero valent elements. 

The inert gas present in the second long period is Xe.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Either

  4. Neither


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Xe is present in 5th period of periodic table.


The period 4 and 5 are called long periods.
 
So, the Xe is present in second long period.

The atomic number not found under the zero group elements is: 

  1. 16

  2. 18

  3. 36

  4. 54


Correct Option: A

Why noble gases are generally non-reactive?

  1. Because they are classified as zero group elements

  2. Because they are in gaseous state

  3. Due to their stable electronic configuration

  4. Because they are p-block elements


Correct Option: C

The electronic configuration of Argon is:

  1. $1s^2, 2s^22p^6, 3s^23p^6$

  2. $1s^2, 2s^22p^6, 3s^23p^2$

  3. $1s^2, 2s^22p^6, 3s^23p^4$

  4. $1s^2, 2s^22p^6, 3s^23p^63d^{10}, 4s^24p^6$


Correct Option: A

All the naturally occurring noble gases are non-reactive except:

  1. Argon

  2. Helium

  3. Xenon

  4. Radon


Correct Option: C

The number of naturally occurring noble gas elements are:

  1. 8

  2. 7

  3. 6

  4. 9


Correct Option: C

An inert gas which is not very soluble in water?

  1. $Ne$

  2. $Ar$

  3. $Xe$

  4. $CO _2$

  5. $He$


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Helium is an inert gas. Inert gases are not very reactive as their outermost shell is completely filled. $ {He} $ is not very soluble in water.

Thus option $E$ is the correct answer.

Choose the correct answer:

As per the octet rule, noble gases are stable in nature. This is due to the presence of________ electrons in their outermost shell.

  1. 8

  2. 18

  3. 6

  4. 2


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

As per octet rule, noble gases have 8 electrons in their outermost shell. According to octet rule the element which has 8 electron in its valence shell are stable.

X, Y and Z are elements in Period $3$ of the Periodic Table. The results of some experiments carried out with compounds of these elements are shown.


Element Result of adding the oxide of the element to $H _2O(l)$ Result of adding the chloride of the element of $H _2O(l)$ Result of adding the oxide of the element to $HCl(aq)$
X No reaction Hydrolyses Forms chloride salt
Y Forms hydroxide Dissolves Forms chloride salt
Z Forms acid Hydrolyses Hydrolyses


Which statement could be correct?

  1. X is Al and Y is Mg

  2. X is Si and Y is Na

  3. Y is Al and Z is P

  4. Y is Na and Z is Al


Correct Option: B

In which of the following order of hydration energy correct?

  1. $Li^+ > Na^+ > K^+ > Rb^+ > Cs^+$

  2. $Li^+ < Na^+ < K^+ < Rb^+ < Cs^+$

  3. $Li^+ > Na^+ > K^+ > Cs^+ > Rb^+$

  4. $Li^+ < Na^+ < K^+ < Cs^+ < Rb^+$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hydration decreases with a decrement in charge density of an ion

Metal which is soft and floats on water is _______ .
  1. aluminium

  2. copper

  3. lead

  4. potassium

  5. iron

  6. lithium


Correct Option: F
Explanation:

Lithium is lightest elemental metal nearly half as dense as water, so it floats on the surface and ultimately disappears, giving off hydrogen gas and forming a colourless solution of lithium hydroxide.


Hence, the correct option is $\text{F}$

Sodium reacts with water more vigorously than lithium because it :

  1. has higher atomic weight.

  2. is a metal.

  3. is more electropositive.

  4. more electronegative.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Sodium reacts with water more vigorously than lithium its more electropositive and will give electrons easily.
Hence option C is correct.

Which of the following does not react with water?

  1. Sodium ions

  2. Sodium atoms

  3. Potassium ions

  4. Both $A$ and $C$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sodium ions and potassium ions do not react with water.
The main reason is that have already lost that electron and are therefore much more stable. They don't tend to lose another electron, and they certainly don't try to get that lost electron back, so there's no tendency for them to react.

Which of the following element reacts violently when kept under water?

  1. $Na$

  2. $Fe$

  3. $Cu$

  4. $Au$

  5. $Ne$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Answer (A)

Sodium reacts violently with water to give $H _2$ gas
$2Na+2H _2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H _2$

Metal cation ionic solids dissolve in solution exothermically.This is best explained by which of the following?

  1. The hydrogen bonding in the water break apart, releasing large amounts of energy that are used to force a breaking of the ionic structure.

  2. The free floating electrons in the metal cations provide a large measure of electricity when the ionic solid is broken down in the water.

  3. The breaking of the ionic structure, which releases bond energy causing the solution to be exothermic.

  4. The attraction of the cations and anions to the dipoles in water, resulting in a release of energy.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Metal cationic  solids dissolve in solution exothermally due the free floating of electrons in the metal cations provide a large measure of electricity when the ionic solid is broken done in the water.

Hence option B is correct.

The reaction between sodium and water can be made less vigorous by:

  1. adding a little alcohol

  2. amalgamatic sodium

  3. adding a little acitic acid

  4. lowering the temperature


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

If we add sodium to water it floats on the water and reacts very vigorously, rushing around and on the surface producing hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide. Hence to reduce its vigorousness, it is amalgamated with mercury by making sodium as amalgamating sodium. 

Option (B) is correct.

Which of the following alkali metal(s) form complex hydrides?

  1. Li

  2. K

  3. Na

  4. Rb


Correct Option: A,C
Explanation:

Lithium and sodium form complex hydrides such as lithium aluminium hydride and sodium borohydride.

Which of the following reacts most vigorously with water?

  1. Alkali metal

  2. Alkaline earth metal

  3. Transition metal

  4. Halogen

  5. Noble gas


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Answer(A)
Alkali metals react most vigorously with water.

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