Cell organelles - class-XI
Description: cell organelles | |
Number of Questions: 22 | |
Created by: Ankita Patil | |
Tags: cell: the unit of life biology cell and cell organelles |
Match the following.
Column I | Column II |
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A. Bacteria | 1. Synthesis and storage of lipids |
B. Sphaerosomes | 2. Idiogram |
C. Chloroplasts | 3. Glycocalyx |
D. Karyotype | 4. Thylakoids |
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A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
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A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
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A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
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A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
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A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
Sphaerosomes are single half unit membrane covered small spherical organelles which synthesize and store fats. The cell wall of bacteria is made up of glycocalyx (carbohydrate and amino acids). Chloroplasts are eukaryotic plant cell organelles which have an internal thylakoid membrane system. The thylakoid membranes carry out the light reactions part of photosynthesis. The chromosomes of a eukaryotic cells are called its karyotype. The diagrammatic representation of a cells karyotype is called an idiogram.
Plant cells can usually be distinguished from animals cells because only plant cells possess
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Mitochondria and lysosomes
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Chromosomes and lysosomes
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Chloroplast and cell wall
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Chloroplast and Golgi complex
Plants are autotrophic organisms which manufacture their own food. Plant cells have chlorophyll containing chloroplasts which are involved in the process of photosynthesis. A plant cell is surrounded by cellulosic cell wall which is dead at maturity. Chloroplasts and cellulosic cell wall are characteristics of plant cells only.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are ................ of cell respectively.
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Power house and kitchen
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Guard and power house
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Kitchen and guard
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Power house and secretory bags
Most of the energy is produced in the mitochondria through the process of oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic respiration. Hence, mitochondria is called powerhouse of cell. Energy is also produced through glycolysis and anaerobic fermentation in cytoplasm but major energy production occurs in mitochondria through aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts have green pigment chlorophyll and carry out the process of photosynthesis which results in production of sugars. This sugar forms food for plant themselves and all the heterotrophic organism. Hence, chloroplast are called 'Kitchen of cell'.
'A cell within a cell' is applicable to
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Mitochondria
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Chloroplast
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Virus
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Both A and B
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are unique cell organelles in a eukaryotic cell. Both are double membraned, contain DNA, have their own ribosomes and protein synthesizing machinery. They are semi-autonomous entities. The ribosomes of these organelles resemble prokaryotic ribosomes. These characteristics are seen as an evidences supporting the endosymbiotic theory. The theory of endosymbiosis postulates that chloroplasts and mitochondria are the result of evolution initiated by the endocytosis of bacteria and blue - green algae. According to this theory, blue green algae and bacteria were not digested; they became symbiotic instead. This concept has been expressed by the phrase, 'A Cell within a cell'.
The two types of cellular organelles that transform energy are
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts
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Chromoplast and leucoplast
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Mitochondria and chromoplast
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Chloroplast and leucoplast
In a eukaryotic cell, energy transformation reactions majorly occur in cytoplasm, mitochondria and chloroplast. In cytoplasm, the energy is captured and used to produce ATP by substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis. In mitochondria, the energy is captured and used to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. In chloroplasts, the energy is captured and used to produce ATP by photophosphorylation. Thus, two cell organelles involved in energy transformation reactions are chloroplast and mitochondria.
The presence of DNA in mitochondria and chloroplast supports the hypothesis that
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Mitochondria and chloroplast both originated as independent free living organisms.
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Glycolysis occurs in mitochondria and chloroplast both.
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ATP is produced in mitochondria and chloroplast both.
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Mitochondria and chloroplast undergo meiosis and mitosis independent of nucleus.
Both chloroplast and mitochondria were once independent free living organisms and later on became lodged in eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts. This hypothesis is supported by many evidences example both of these organelles are surrounded by double membranes, have their own DNA which is circular like prokaryotic chromosome, have their own ribosomes which are 70S type like prokaryotic ribosomes and are not dependent on nucleus for their multiplication but can increase in number by fission like bacteria.
Select the wrong statement from the following.
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Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain an inner and an outer membrane.
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Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane.
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Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA.
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The chloroplasts are generally much larger than mitochondria.
Chloroplasts have internal membranes called thylakoids suspended in ground substance called stroma. The thylakoids are of two types : appressed and non-appressed. The appressed membranes are stacked like a pile of coins called grana. The thylakoid membranes enclose small chambers. This thylakoid membrane system is absent in mitochondria. In mitochondria, the inner mitochondrial membrane is folded into cristae.
Carotenes and chlorophyll pigment types can be traced in
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Matrix
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Lamellae
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Stroma
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Grana
Internally, the chloroplast has two main components; the thylakoid lamellae and stroma. The stroma contains enzymes of Calvin cycle and carries out the dark reaction. The light reaction is carried out by thylakoid lamellae arranged as grana. Carotenes and chlorophyll pigments are present in the grana. These pigments are involved in capturing light energy for the light reaction. The inner space of mitochondria is filled with mitochondrial matrix.
Which of the following sets of cell organelles contain DNA?
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Mitochondria, peroxysorne
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Plasma membrane, ribosome
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Mitochondria, chloroplast
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Chloroplast, dictyosome
A eukaryotic cell has DNA in nucleus as well as cell organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. The DNA in cell organelles resembles prokaryotic DNA. The organelle DNA is present as a circular molecule while the DNA in nucleus is organised as linear structures.
DNA is present in
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Chromosomes and dictyosomes
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Chloroplast and lysosomes
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts
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Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
DNA is a long polymer made from repeating units called as nucleotides. DNA is found in mitochondria, plastid & nucleolus. Eukaryotic organisms like animals, plants, fungi, and protists store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes like bacteria and archaea store their DNA only in the cytoplasm.
Extra nuclear DNA is found in
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Lysosome and chloroplast
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Chloroplast and mitochondria
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Mitochondria and lysosome
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Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum
Extrachromosomal DNA is found in chloroplast and mitochondria. Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.
Which of the following is not common in chloroplasts and mitochondria?
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Both are present in animal cells.
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Both contains their own genetic material.
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Both are present in eukaryotic cells.
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Both are present in plant cells.
Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. This extra chromosomal DNA is present in both mitochondria and chloroplast. Chloroplast and mitochondria are present in the plant cell but chloroplast is absent in the animal cell. They both are present in eukaryotic cells.
Select the wrong statement from the following.
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Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain an inner and outer membrane.
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Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane.
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Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA.
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The chloroplasts are generally much larger than mitochondria.
Option b is incorrect because a thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria and not present in the mitochondrion. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana. Grana are connected by intergranal or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.
Autonomic genome system is present in
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Ribosomes and chloroplasts
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Mitochondria and ribosomes
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts
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Golgi bodies and mitochondria
According to the endosymbiotic theory about origin of chloroplast and mitochondria, both of these cell organelles were independent organisms that became lodged inside a eukaryotic cell during evolution.
Given below are assertion and reason. Point out if both are true with reason being the explanation (A), both true but reason is not correct explanation (B), assertion true but reason is wrong (C), both are wrong (D)
Assertion. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genome
Reason. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body are the cell organelles which have their own DNA.
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A
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B
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C
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D
Movement of ten electrons from mitochondrial NADH molecules produces water molecules
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20
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15
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10
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5
In yeast mitochondria UGA codes for:
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Termination codon
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Initiation codon
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Tryptophan
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Tyrosine glycerate concentration
Which of the following organelles contain circular DNA.
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Peroxisomes and mitochondria
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Mitochondria and Glgicomplex
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Chloroplasts and Lysosomes
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Mitochondria and chloroplast
How many organelles of a eukaryotic animal cell possess their own DNA?
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1
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2
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3
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4
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the only two organelles of animal and plant cells that contain their own DNA. They not only contain their own DNA, but they also have their own ribosomes. These little protein-making machines are given information from the DNA to build certain proteins.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to be bacterial endosymbionts of cells because
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They have their own nucleic acids.
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Their membranes resemble those of cyanobacteria.
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They do arise de novo.
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All of the above.
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are the only cell organelles other than nucleus coated with double membrane. They have their own DNA and protein synthesizing machinery as well. One explanation for a cell organelle to have its own DNA is that these organelles were separate organisms. The chloroplast was an autotrophic cyanobacteria and the mitochondria was a separate heterotrophic organism which later on became lodged into a eukaryotic cell as endosymbionts.
Extranuclear inheritance is a consequence of presence of genes in
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Lysosomes and ribosomes
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts
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Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
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Ribosomes and chloroplast
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the possible endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
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They are of appropriate size to be descendants of bacteria
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They contain their own genome and produce all their own proteins
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They contain circular DNA molecules not associated with histones
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Their membranes have enzymes and transport systems that resemble those found in the plasma membranes of prokaryotes