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Determinants of consumption function and savings function - class-XII

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Study of how the consumer decides, given his income and many alternative goods to choose from, what to buy when he knows the prices is called study of __________.

  1. consumption

  2. production

  3. distribution

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The theory of consumption is studied through the indifference map.
The consumption function is created on the basis of the wants of the consumers (and plotted as an indifference curve) and the budget line represents the ability to pay and depends on the consumers' income. 

Break-even point is achieved when: 

  1. National Income = Consumption

  2. Consumption = Saving

  3. Consumption = Investment

  4. National Income > Consumption


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Break even point refers to the point where the income=consumption or savings= 0. It is the point where the consumption curve intersects the 45 degree line. 

Tick the wrong option _________________.

  1. APC can be more than 1

  2. APC can be equal to 1

  3. APC can be negative

  4. APC can never be 0


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

APC refers to Average Propensity to Consume which defines the amount of consumption in every 1 rupee of income for all level of income which can never be negative because consumption is never negative owing to the very existence of life and basic needs to satisfy it. 

Which of the following can have a negative value?

  1. APC

  2. MPC

  3. MPS

  4. APS


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

APS refers to Average Propensity to save which defines the amount of savings in every 1 rupee of income for all level of income which can never be more than one as savings can be negative in situations when consumption is more than the national income leading to dis-savings in the economy i.e. before the break even point when APS<0.

AD Curve starts ____________.

  1. From the origin

  2. Point Below the origin

  3. Point above the origin

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Aggregate demand curve is upward sloping showing a positive relation between level of income and overall expenditure in the economy. The curve intercepts on Y-axis because even at zero level of income, there is some consumption which is required for the very existence of life. 

Which of the following is not true about AD in a two-sector economy?

  1. AD = Consumption + Saving

  2. AD curve starts from some point above the origin

  3. AD = Consumption + Investment

  4. AD curve has a positive slope


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The aggregate demand in two sector economy only includes the expenditure made by the consumer sector and the producer sector. The expenditure by the government sector and net exports are not included in the two sector economy. 

The value of _____ can never be negative, while can have a value equal to one. 

  1. APS, APC

  2. MPG, APS

  3. APC, APS

  4. MPS, APC


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

APC refers to Average Propensity to Consume which defines the amount of consumption in every 1 rupee of income for all level of income which can never be negative because consumption is never negative owing to the very existence of life and basic needs to satisfy it while it can be more than one as long as consumption is more national income, i.e. before the break-even point, APC > 1. 

Marginal Propensity to save refers to the percentage change in savings for every one rupee of change in the income. It is the ratio between the change in income and its corresponding change in savings. It can never be negative as it is a change in the value when the value of income changes while it can be equal to one if the overall change in the value of income is used in savings. 

Which of the following expression is correct? 

  1. $APC = \frac { Consumption }{National Income}$

  2. $APC = \frac { Change \, in \,Consumption }{ Change \, in \,National\, Income}$

  3. $APC = APS -1$

  4. $APC = \frac {National Income} { Consumption }$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

APC refers to Average Propensity to Consume which defines the amount of consumption in every 1 rupee of income for all level of income. Therefore,

APC= Consumption/ National Income= C/Y. 

Consumption function is the functional relationship between ______ and  ______.

  1. Consumption, Aggregate demand

  2. Consumption, National Income

  3. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply

  4. National Income, Private Income


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Consumption function refers to the standard equation of consumption which defines the relationship between consumption and income where consumption value can be derived at each level with the use of income value. 

C= c+ bY where c=autonomous consumption, b= marginal propensity to consume, and Y= income. 

If $C = 100 + 0.75\,Y$, then Saving Function will be expressed as:

  1. $S=100 +0.25\,Y$

  2. $S=100 + 0.75\,Y$

  3. $S = 100 + 0.35\,Y$

  4. $S =75+0.25\,Y$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The consumption function is C= 100+0.75Y where Y is the income at different level in the economy. 

Income = consumption + savings 

=> Savings = Income - consumption 

=> S = Y- C

=> S = Y - ( 100 + 0.75Y)

=> S = Y- 100 - 0.75Y

=> S = - 100 + Y ( 1 - 0.75) 

=> S = -100 + 0.25Y 

Therefore, the saving function is S= -100 + 0.25Y  where autonomous savings= -100, MPS= 0.25 and Y is income at all levels. 

AD curve is represented by ________ curve in the income determination analysis.

  1. Consumption + Saving + Investment

  2. Consumption + Saving

  3. Saving + Investment

  4. Consumption + Investment


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Aggregate Demand refers to the desired level of expenditure in the economy during an accounting year. It is what people wish to spend on the purchase of goods and services during an accounting year.

The Ad curve in income determination analysis represents a two sector economy which only includes the expenditure made by the consumer sector and the producer sector.
Therefore, aggregate demand = consumption + investment. 

If saving function of an economy is given as: S = - 40 + 0.4 M, then MPC is ___________________.

  1. 1

  2. 0.4

  3. 0.8

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Saving function is S= s + M(1-b) where s=autonomous savings, (1-b)= marginal propensity to save, and M= income. Comparing it to S=−40+0.4(M), MPS= 0.4.


We know that, 

MPS + MPC = 1 

=> MPC = 1 - MPS 

=> MPC = 1 - 0.4 

=> MPC = 0.6 


Therefore, MPC is 0.6. 

Which among the following is the other term used for 'saving function'?

  1. Income function

  2. Propensity to save

  3. Reverse consumption propensity

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Savings function refers to the standard equation of savings which defines the relationship between savings and income where savings value can be derived at each level with the use of income value. 

S= s + Y(1-b) where s=autonomous savings, (1-b)= marginal propensity to save, and Y= income.

It defines the propensity to save in the economy at every level of income. 

When the savings curve lies below the x-axis, the consumption is higher than the income leading to dissaving.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Average Propensity to save defines the amount of savings in every 1 rupee of income for all level of income which can be less than zero at income levels which are lower than the break-even point where savings lies below the x-axis indicating that consumption is greater than income that leads to dissavings in the economy. 

___________ is the ratio of saving to income.

  1. Marginal propensity to save

  2. Average propensity to save

  3. Total propensity to save

  4. Income propensity to save


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

APS refers to Average Propensity to save which defines the amount of savings in every 1 rupee of income for all level of income. It is expressed as the ration of saving to income in an economy. 

Average propensity to save = S/Y where S is the savings and Y is the income in the economy. 

Which among the following is a type of propensity to save?

  1. Marginal propensity to save

  2. Average propensity to save

  3. Total propensity to save

  4. Both A & B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Marginal Propensity to save refers to the percentage change in savings for every one rupee of change in the income. It is the ratio between the change in income and its corresponding change in savings.

Marginal propensity to save = ΔS/Δwhere ΔS is the Change in savings and ΔY is the change in income in the economy. 

APS refers to Average Propensity to save which defines the amount of savings in every 1 rupee of income for all level of income. 

Average propensity to save = S/Y where S is the savings and Y is the income in the economy. 

Saving is a function of ___________.

  1. income

  2. aggregate demand

  3. export

  4. income inequality


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Savings refers to the proportion which is not utilized at present and is saved for future. It is a function of income where,

Saving function is S= s + Y(1-b) where s=autonomous savings, (1-b)= marginal propensity to save, and Y= income. 

The distance between the line of consumption and the income curve after the intersection of both the curves is termed as __________.

  1. investment

  2. savings

  3. dissavings

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Savings refers to the amount of the income which is not spend on the consumption of the commodities. It is the distance between the consumption curve and the income curve after the intersection. 

Some of the motives that affect a persons consumption decision are ________________.

  1. Motive of Precaution

  2. Motive of Improvement

  3. Motive of Independence

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Consumption decision refers to the decision of allocating a proportion of one's income in the consumption of goods and services for living. 
Some of the motives that affect a persons consumption decision are: 
1. Motive of precaution from future uncertainties like high prices.
2. Motive of improvement of lifestyle and standard of living. 
3. Motive of independence. 

According to Keynes, consumption function is only affected by objective factors.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

False. 

According to Keynes, Consumption function refers to the standard equation of consumption which defines the relationship between consumption and income where consumption value can be derived at each level with the use of income value. It is affected by both objective and subjective factors. 

The consumption function depends on _______________.

  1. interest

  2. savings

  3. wealth

  4. income


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Consumption function refers to the standard equation of consumption which defines the relationship between consumption and income where consumption value can be derived at each level with the use of income value. 

C= c+ bY where c=autonomous consumption, b= marginal propensity to consume, and Y= income.

If income in terms of wage rate ___________, consumption expenditure __________.

  1. increases, decreases

  2. increases, increases

  3. decreases, increases

  4. decreases, decreases


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

If income in terms of wage rate increases, then consumption expenditure also increases which is called the wage-price spiral where the wages are increased due to excessive price in the economy and price in increased due to excessive wage and consumption demand in the economy. 

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