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Capacitance of an isolated spherical conductor - class-XII

Description: capacitance of an isolated spherical conductor
Number of Questions: 22
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Tags: physics capacitance
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The inductance of the oscillatory circuit of a radio station is 10 milli henry band its capacitance is $0.25 \mu F$. Taking the effect of the resistance negligible, wavelength of the broadcasted waves will be (velocity of light = $3.0  \ 10 ^4 \ m/s, \pi = 3.14$):

  1. $9,42 \times 10^4 m$

  2. $18.8 \times 10^4 m$

  3. $4.5 \times 10^4 m$

  4. $none\ of\ these$


Correct Option: C

The capacitance of an air filled parallel plate capacitor is $10\times {10}^{-12}F$. The separation between the plates is doubled and the space between the plates is then filled with wax giving the capacitance a new value of $40\times {10}^{-12}F$. The dielectric constant of wax is:

  1. $12.0$

  2. $10.0$

  3. $8.0$

  4. $4.2$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

${C} _{1}=\cfrac{{ \varepsilon  } _{ 0 }A}{d}$ and ${C} _{2}=\cfrac{K{ \varepsilon  } _{ 0 }A}{2d}$
$\Rightarrow$ $\cfrac{{C} _{2}}{{C} _{1}}=\cfrac{K}{2}=\cfrac{40\times {10}^{-12}}{10\times {10}^{-12}}$
$\Rightarrow$ $K=8$

Each plate of parallel plate capacitor has a charge q on it. The capacitor is now connected to a battery. Now,

  1. the facing surfaces of the capacitor have equal and opposite charges

  2. the two plates of the capacitor have equal and opposite charges

  3. the battery supplies equal and opposite charges to the two plates

  4. the outer surfaces of the plates have equal charges


Correct Option: A,C,D

We assume that earth is at zero potential because capacitance of the earth is

  1. infinite

  2. zero

  3. cannot say

  4. $10^6 farad$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Because earth can store infinite charge so its capacitance is infinite, therefore it is at a zero potential. 

$\left (C=\dfrac {q}{V}\right )$.

1000 drops ofwater each of radius r and charged to a potential V coalesce together to form a big drop. The potential of big drop will be

  1. 10 V

  2. 100 V

  3. 1000V

  4. $\displaystyle \frac{V}{100}$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Vol. of the big drop =1000 *vol. of each small drop
$\displaystyle \frac{4}{3} \pi R^3 = 1000\times \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$
$\Rightarrow R^3 = (10r)^3$
$\Rightarrow $ R =10r
Potential of each charged sphere for small drop, V = $\displaystyle \frac{q}{c}$
$\therefore$ Potential for the big drop = $1000 \displaystyle \frac{q}{C}$
We have, $C= 4 \pi \epsilon _0 R = 4 \pi \epsilon _0 \times 10 r$
$\therefore$ Potential of the big drop 
=$\displaystyle \frac{1000}{10} . \frac{q}{4 \pi \epsilon _0 r} =100V$

A circuit contains a capacitor and inductance each with negligible resistance. The capacitor is initially charged and the charging battery is disconnected. At subsequent time, the charge on the capacitor will 

  1. Increase exponentially

  2. Decrease exponentially

  3. Decrease linearly

  4. Remain constant


Correct Option: D

A fully charged capacitor has a capacitance C.It is discharged through a small coil of resistance wire embedded in a thermally insulated block of specific heat capacity s and mass m. If the temperature of the block is raised by $\Delta T$, the potential difference V across the capacitance is:

  1. ${{ms\Delta T} \over C}$

  2. $\sqrt {{{ms\Delta T} \over C}} $

  3. $\sqrt {{{2ms\Delta T} \over C}} $

  4. ${{ms\Delta T} \over s}$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The electric potential energy stored in capacitor is $=\cfrac{CV^2}{2}$

This energy is dissipated in the circuit through the resistance wire. The heat is absorbed by th einsulated block. Apply conservation of energy
Heat absorbed $=ms\Delta T=CV^2/2$
$\Rightarrow V=\sqrt{\cfrac{2ms\Delta T}{C}}$

Capacitance of an isolated metallic sphere having radius $8.1$ mm is nearly :

  1. $9 \times 10^{-9}$ $\mu F$

  2. $9 \times 10^{-6}$ $\mu F$

  3. $9 \times 10^{-1}$ $p F$

  4. $9 \times 10^{-5}$ $\mu F$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Given,

$r=8.1mm$

The capacitance of an isolated metallic sphere is given by

$C=4\pi \varepsilon _0 r$

$C=4\times 3.14\times 8.85\times 10^{-12}\times 8.1\times 10^{-3}$

$C=900\times 10^{-13}F$

$C=9\times 10^{-5}\mu F$

The correct option is D.

Two points A and B lying on Y- axis at distances 12.3 cm and 12.5 cm from the origin. The potentials at these points are 56V and 54.8V respectively, then the component of force on a charge of $4\mu C$ placed at A along Y- axis will be

  1. 0.12 N

  2. 48$*{10^{ - 3}}$ N

  3. $24*{10^{ - 4}}N$

  4. $96*{10^{ - 2}}N$


Correct Option: C

The capacitance of an isolated conducting sphere of radius $R$ is proportional to

  1. $R^{-1}$

  2. $R^{2}$

  3. $R^{-2}$

  4. $R$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The capacity of an isolated spherical conductor of radius $R$ is $4\pi \epsilon _{0}R$
$\therefore C\propto R$.

Two metal spheres of capacitance, ${C} _{1}$ and ${C} _{2}$ carry some charges. They are put in contact and then separated. The final charges ${Q} _{1}$ and ${Q} _{2}$ on them will satisfy:

  1. $\dfrac { { Q } _{ 1 } }{ { Q } _{ 2 } } <\dfrac { { C } _{ 1 } }{ { C } _{ 2 } }$

  2. $\dfrac { { Q } _{ 1 } }{ { Q } _{ 2 } } =\dfrac { { C } _{ 1 } }{ { C } _{ 2 } }$

  3. $\dfrac { { Q } _{ 1 } }{ { Q } _{ 2 } } >\dfrac { { C } _{ 1 } }{ { C } _{ 2 } }$

  4. $\dfrac { { Q } _{ 1 } }{ { Q } _{ 2 } } =\dfrac { { C } _{ 2 } }{ { C } _{ 1 } }$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Let the charge on two sphere initially are $q _1\ &amp;\ q _2$. Now when these two capacitors (spheres) are kept in contact with each other and separated. Then charges on the two spheres are,


Let $Q _1\ &amp;\ Q _2$ are the final charges on spheres. So, final charge will be conserved.
$Q _1+Q _2=q _1+q _2$

$\dfrac{Q _1}{Q _2}=\dfrac{C _1V _1}{C _2V _2}$

The charge will flow until the potential of both the spheres becomes the same.
$\dfrac{Q _1}{Q _2}=\dfrac{C _1V}{C _2V}$

$\dfrac{Q _1}{Q _2}=\dfrac{C _1}{C _2}$

A $110V. 60W$ lamp is run from a $220V$ AC mains using a capacitor in series with the lamp, instead of a resistor then the voltage across the capacitor is about:

  1. $110V$

  2. $190V$

  3. $220V$

  4. $311V$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
$V _c=\sqrt{V^2-V _R^2}$

$=\sqrt{220^2-110^2}$

$=190V$

Three capacitors of capacitances 6 µF each are available. The minimum and maximum capacitances, which may be obtained are

  1. $ 2 \mu F $ and $ 18 \mu F $

  2. $ 5 \mu F $ and $ 5 \mu F $

  3. $ 7 \mu F $ and $ 3 \mu F $

  4. $ 8 \mu F $ and $ 2 \mu F $


Correct Option: A

The capacitance of a spherical condenser is $1mF$. If the spacing between the two spheres is $1mm$, then the radius of the outer sphere is

  1. $30cm$

  2. $6m$

  3. $5cm$

  4. $3m$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$\begin{array}{l} From\, \, the\, question \\ C=\dfrac { { 4\pi { \varepsilon _{ 0 } } } }{ { \left[ { \dfrac { 1 }{ { { r _{ in } } } } -\dfrac { 1 }{ { { r _{ out } } } }  } \right]  } } =\dfrac { { 4\pi \varepsilon  } }{ { \left[ { \dfrac { 1 }{ { { r _{ 1 } } } } -\dfrac { 1 }{ { { r _{ 1 } }+0.001 } }  } \right]  } }  \\ 1\times { 10^{ -6 } }=\dfrac { { 4\times 3.14\times 8.854\times { { 10 }^{ -12 } } } }{ { \left[ { \dfrac { 1 }{ { { r _{ 1 } } } } -\dfrac { 1 }{ { { r _{ 1 } }+0.001 } }  } \right]  } }  \\ \left[ { \dfrac { 1 }{ { { r _{ 1 } } } } -\dfrac { 1 }{ { { r _{ 1 } }+0.001 } }  } \right] =\dfrac { { 4\times 3.14\times 8.854\times { { 10 }^{ -12 } } } }{ { 1\times { { 10 }^{ -6 } } } }  \\ \dfrac { { \left[ { \left( { { r _{ 1 } }+0.001 } \right) -{ r _{ 1 } } } \right]  } }{ { { r _{ 1 } }\times \left( { { r _{ 1 } }+0.001 } \right)  } } =4\times 3.14\times 8.854\times { 10^{ -6 } } \\ { r _{ 1 } }\times \left( { { r _{ 1 } }+0.001 } \right) =\dfrac { { 4\times 3.14\times 8.854\times { { 10 }^{ -6 } } } }{ { 0.001 } }  \\ r _{ 1 }^{ 2 }+0.001{ r _{ 1 } }-4\times 3.14\times 8.854\times { 10^{ -3 } }=0 \\ r _{ 1 }^{ 2 }+0.001{ r _{ 1 } }-0.1112=0 \\ { r _{ 1 } }=0.333m\, \, \, or\, \, { r _{ 1 } }=-334m \\ Since,\, it\, cannot\, be\, negative \\ Thereforem\, radius\, \, of\, outer\, \, sphere\, ={ r _{ 1 } }+0.001 \\ { r _{ outer } }=0.334m \\ or,\, { r _{ 1 } }=33.4cm \\  \end{array}$

Hence, the option $A$ is the correct answer.

The capacitance of a spherical condenser is $1mF$. If the spacing between the two spheres is $1mm$, then the radius of the outer space is

  1. $30cm$

  2. $6m$

  3. $5cm$

  4. $3m$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

$\begin{array}{l} C=\frac { { 4\pi { E _{ 0 } } } }{ { \left( { \frac { 1 }{ { { r _{ i } } } }  } \right) -\left( { \frac { 1 }{ { { r _{ 0 } } } }  } \right)  } } .....................\left( 1 \right)  \ According\, \, to\, \, the\, \, question:- \ { r _{ 0 } }-{ r _{ 1 } }=0.001\, m \ C=0.00000\, 1F..............\left( 2 \right)  \ Putting\, \, \left( 2 \right) \, \, in\, \, \, \left( 1 \right)  \ \therefore r _{ 0 }^{ 2 }-{ r _{ 0 } }\left( { 0.001 } \right) -\left( { 9\times 000000000\times 0.000000001 } \right) =0 \ therefore\, \, { r _{ 0 } }=3\, \, m \end{array}$

A capacitor has capacitance $2F$. plate separation $0.5 cm $ then area of plate  [You will realize from your answer why ordinary capacitors are in the range of μF or less. However, electrolytic capacitors do have a much larger capacitance $(0.1 F)$ because of very minute separation between the conductors.]:

  1. $1130cm^2$

  2. $1130m^2$

  3. $1130km^2$

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C

A coil, a capacitor and an A. C. source of rms voltage 24 V are connected in series. By varying the frequency of the source, a maximum rms current of 6 A is observed. If the coil is connected to a battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance $4\Omega$, the current through it will be    

  1. 2.4 A

  2. 1.8 A

  3. 1.5 A

  4. 1.2 A


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$\begin{array}{l} { E _{ rms } }=24V \ r=4\Omega ,\, \, \, { I _{ rms } }=6A \ R=\frac { E }{ I } =\frac { { 24 } }{ 6 } =4\Omega  \ Internal\, { { Re } }sis\tan  ce=4\Omega  \ Hence,\, net\, resis\tan  ce=4+4=8\Omega  \ \therefore Current=\frac { { 12 } }{ 8 } =1.5A \  \end{array}$

Hence, the option $C$ is the correct answer.

The capacitance (C) for an isolated conducting sphere of radius(a) is given by $4\pi \varepsilon _0a$. If the sphere is enclosed with an earthed concentric sphere, the ratio of the radii of the spheres being $\dfrac{n}{(n-1)}$ then the capacitance of such a sphere will be increased by a factor?

  1. $n$

  2. $\dfrac{n}{(n-1)}$

  3. $\dfrac{(n-1)}{n}$

  4. $an$


Correct Option: A

If the circumferences of a sphere is $2\ m$, then capacitance of sphere in water would be:

  1. $2700\ pF$

  2. $2760\ pF$

  3. $2780\ pF$

  4. $2846\ pF$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Capacitance is given as

$C=\varepsilon _0\frac{A}{d}$
For a sphere placed in water, the capacitance will be,
$C=4\pi \varepsilon R$
Here, $\varepsilon$ os the permittivity of water 
In terms of permittivity of free space and dielectric constant of water, we get 
$C=4\pi \varepsilon _0kR$
It is given that circumference is 2m
Hence, $c=2\pi R$  
$\therefore R=\frac{1}{\pi}$
$C=4\pi \varepsilon _0k\frac{1}{\pi}=4\varepsilon _0k$
$C=4\times 8.85\times10^{-12}\times80.4$
$C=2846\times 10^{-12}F$
$C=2846 pF$

If 'Q' is the quantity of charge, 'V' the potential and 'C' the capacity of a conductor, they are related as:

  1. $C = QV$

  2. $Q = VC$

  3. $V = CQ$

  4. $CVQ = constant$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

As per definition of capacitance 

$C=\dfrac{Q}{V}$
SO $Q=VC$

Inside a hollow charged spherical conductor, the electric field is found to be.

  1. Proportional to the distance from the centre

  2. A function of the area of the sphere

  3. Zero

  4. A function of the charge density of the sphere


Correct Option: C

Of the following about capacitive reactance which is correct

  1. the reactance of the capacitor is directly proportional to its ability to store charge

  2. capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the frequency of the current

  3. capacitive reactance is me sured in farad

  4. the reactance of a capacitor in an A.C circuit is similar to the resistance of a capacitor in a D.C circuit


Correct Option: A
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