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Role of other organs in excretion - class-X

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Which of the following waste can be removed by skin?

(i) Water (ii) Excessive mineral salts (iii) Urea

  1. (i) only

  2. (i), (ii), and (iii)

  3. (i), (iii)

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B

Select the correct match

  1. Human- kidney, sebaceous glands, tear glands

  2. Earth worm- pharyngeal, integumentary, septal nephridia

  3. Cockroach- malphigian tubules, enteric caeca

  4. Frog- kidney, skin, buccal epithelium


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
A) In humans, kidney and sebaceous glands are excretory organs but tear glands play no role in excretion.
B) According to the position in the body, the nephridia of earthworm are divided into three types :
1) Pharyngeal nephridia
2) Integumentary nephridia
3) Septal nephridia.
C) In cockroach, the malpighian tubules are major excretory organs but enteric caeca play role in digestion by the release of digestive enzymes at the junction of foregut and midgut.
D) In the frog, Kidney plays part in excretion, while Skin and buccal epithelium play important role in the respiratory process.
So, the correct match is 'Earthworm - Pharyngeal, integumentary, septal nephridia'.

The skin is the main excretory organ. 

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The statement "skin is the main excretory organ" is incorrect because in all chordates kidneys act as main excretory organ.

However, it has some sweat gender which excrete some water called sweat or perspiration.

Wharton's duct is part of _________ gland.

  1. Parotid

  2. Submaxillary

  3. Sublingual

  4. Brunner's


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The submaxillary duct is also known as the Wharton's duct opens into the floor of the mouth. They are the major ducts of the submaxillary (submandibular gland) and help in the transfer of saliva from the submaxillary gland to the opening under the tongue.

Primary function of sweat glands is

  1. Thermoregulation

  2. Excretion

  3. Osmoregulation

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sweat glands are coiled and tubular in structure. Coiled part of this gland is called as secretory unit. Around secretory unit, myoepithelial cells are present. When they contract sweat comes out from sweat gland. This secretion is called as sweat. 

In sweat more than 99% is water and in rest part urea, uric acid ammonium chloride and sodium chloride salts are present. In sweat lysozyme is also present, which destroys bacteria. 
Smell in sweat is due to presence of fatty substances. Evaporation of sweat requires a lot of heat. Thus, evaporation of sweat brings down the temperature. This is an important thermo-regulatory adaptation in terrestrial vertebrates.

Which of the following organ do not serve a role in excreting metabolic wastes?

  1. Skin

  2. Large intestine

  3. Lungs

  4. Liver

  5. Kidney


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The skin has sweat glands that excrete perspiration (salt, water, and nitrogenous wastes) through its pores. 

Lungs help in removing carbon dioxide from the body which is the metabolic waste during respiration.
Liver excretes bile, which contains bile pigments.
Kidney helps in removing nitrogenous wastes like urine, formed during excretion. While large intestine excretes the waste formed in the small intestine but itself does not take park in digestion. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Which one of the following does not play a role in excretion of metabolic wastes?

  1. Skin

  2. Large intestine

  3. Lungs

  4. Liver

  5. Kidney


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Skin serves in excretion of waste material through the process of sweating. Large intestine serves to reabsorb water and essential minerals from the undigested food and to store it till it is excreted at the anus. Lungs serve in excretion via expiration. The liver serves in the formation of urea which is then excreted by kidneys. Kidneys are the organs of urine formation. This makes option B correct answer as large intestine only stores the undigested material; it does not excrete it directly. 

Which of the following applications illustrates that evaporation leads to cooling?

  1. Perspiration in human body

  2. Transpiration in leaves

  3. Water in earthern post

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Evaporation or the loss of water from the body due to heat is called as perspiration. The heat present in the surrounding causes water to be lost from the body in the form of sweat through the sweat glands on the skin. The water is deposited on the surface of the organism's body leading to a cooling effect. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Skin is said to play an important role in excretion due to presence of

  1. Sweat glands

  2. Sebaceous glands

  3. Hair follicles

  4. Hair cells


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sweat glands secrete a fluid called sweat that contains water and dissolved salts of Calcium, Sodium, Magnesium etc Thus, it helps in excreting water and salts to some extent by a process called sweating or perspiration. 

So, the correct answer is 'Sweat glands'

The elimination of insoluble calcium phosphate takes place by

  1. Liver

  2. Kidney

  3. Large intestine

  4. Skin


Correct Option: C

Terrestrial animals must

  1. Excrete large amounts of urine

  2. Conserve water

  3. Actively pump out salts through skin

  4. Excrete large amount of salts in urine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Since terrestrial animals do not have automatic access to either fresh or salt water, they must regulate water content in other ways, balancing off gains and losses.


So, the correct answer is 'Conserve water'.

Which of the following organs synthesizes urea?

  1. Duodenum

  2. Kidney

  3. Liver

  4. Pancreas


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ammonia which is the major form of nitrogenous waste generated in the body is converted urea in the liver and excreted through the urine by the kidneys. Thus, the correct option is C.

Accessory excretory human organ is

  1. Skin

  2. Skin and liver

  3. Skin and lungs

  4. Skin, lungs, liver and intestine


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The accessory excretory organs are:-

  • Skin -contains sweat glands which remove toxic salts from the body 
  • Liver -used for excretion of cholesterol pigment. 
  • Kidney -excrete toxic liquid in form of urine. 
  • Lungs-excrete harmful gases from body. 
  • Large intestine -remove undigested food material from body
So, the correct option is 'Skin, lungs, liver and intestine'.

Ureotelic organisms like mammals excrete urea in their urine, that is formed in

  1. spleen

  2. kidney

  3. liver

  4. gall bladder


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

(A) Spleen - Primarily acts as blood filter. 

(B) Kidney - Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs in the renal system. They help the body pass waste as urine. They also help filter blood before sending it back to the heart. 
(C) Liver - Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes mainly excrete urea and are called ureotelic animals. Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver of these animals and released into the blood which is filtered and excreted out by the kidneys.
(D) Gall bladder - The bile secreted by the hepatic cells passes through the hepatic ducts and is stored and concentrated in a thin muscular sac called the gall bladder. 
So the correct option is Liver. 

Which of the following is not a nitrogenous waste; that must be excreted from the body?

  1. Uric acid

  2. Faeces

  3. Urea

  4. Ammonia


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Metabolic wastes are substances left over from a metabolic process which cannot be used by the organisms and must, therefore, be excreted. This includes nitrogen compounds. The nitrogen compounds through which excess nitrogen is eliminated from the organism are called nitrogenous wastes. They are ammonia, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. 

So the correct option is feaces. 

Choose the correct answers from the following given.
In which of the following human structures are you least apt to find urine?

  1. Large intestine

  2. Urethra

  3. Ureter

  4. Bladder


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The large intestine is the part of the digestive system. Whereas the excretory system of humans consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. Urine is found in almost all excretory system parts(little or more).

So the correct answer is large intestine.

Epidermal glands originate from ........... layer.

  1. Stratum granulosum

  2. Stratum corneum

  3. Stratum lucidum

  4. Stratum malpighii


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The epidermis is composed of 4 or 5 layers depending on the region of skin being considered. The Malpighian layer (stratum malpighii) is defined as both the stratum basale and stratum spinosum. In spinous layer (stratum spinosum), keratinocytes become connected through desmosomes and start to produce lamellar bodies, from within the golgi, enriched in polar lipids, glycosphingolipids, free sterols, phospholipids and catabolic enzymes. Basal/germinal layer (stratum basale/germinativum) is composed of proliferating and non-proliferating keratinocytes, attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes. Melanocytes are present, connected to numerous keratinocytes in this and other strata through dendrites. Merkel cells are also found in the stratum basale with large numbers in touch-sensitive sites such as the fingertips and lips. 

Which pair among the following is correct?

  1. Sweat- temperature regulation

  2. Saliva- sense of food taste

  3. Sebum- sexual attraction

  4. Humerus- hind leg


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The sweat on the surface of the skin is evaporated by the body heat. As the water is evaporated by heat released from the body, the body cools off. Each gram of water on the body surface absorbs about 0.58 calories of energy before evaporating, which is a significant source of heat loss.

Which one is not an excretory organ?

  1. Skin

  2. Kidneys

  3. Intestine

  4. Liver


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In humans, kidneys are the chief excretory organ, other than kidneys, lungs, liver, and skin also help in the elimination of excretory wastes. Lungs remove a large amount of carbon dioxide and the significant amount of water every day. The liver secretes bile containing substances like bilirubin, biliverdin, degraded steroid hormones, vitamins. Most of these substances pass along with digestive wastes. Skin contains sweat glands through which NaCl, the small amount of urea, lactic acid etc are secreted. The intestine is not an excretory organ but it is a digestive organ.

So, the correct answer is 'Intestine'.

Which of the following passage way is part of cloaca of vertebrates?

  1. Rectum

  2. The reproductive tract

  3. The urinary tract

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cloaca is the posterior opening that serves as the only opening for the intestinal, reproductive and urinary tracts of all amphibians, birds, reptiles, and monotremes. They possess this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces, unlike most placental mammals, which possess two or three separate orifices for evacuation.

Which set is similar?

  1. Corpus luteum : graafian follicles

  2. Sebum : sweat

  3. Bundle of his :  Pace maker

  4. Vita $B _7$: Niacin


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Sebum is an oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands, tiny ducts adjacent to hair follicles. Sebum is secreted into the follicle, from which it spreads over the hair and skin. The main role of sebum is to waterproof the skin and hair. Sweat is a salty, watery solution produced by sweat glands, numerous microscopic channels opening onto the skin surface. As sebum and sweat mix up on the skin surface, they form a protective layer often referred to as the acid mantle . Acid mantle has a particular level of acidity characterized by pH from about 4 to 5.5. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, above 7 is alkaline, and below is acidic. 


So, the correct option is 'Sebum : Sweat'.

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