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History of atomic model - class-IX

Description: history of atomic model
Number of Questions: 21
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Tags: atoms, molecules and chemical reactions the structure of the atom structure of atom atomic theory, periodic classification and properties of elements atoms, molecules and radicals inside the atom stoichiometry atomic structure and chemical bonding some basic concepts of chemistry the nature of matter chemistry atoms and molecules basic concepts of chemistry element, compound and chemical reaction atom particle nature, basic units
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______ are the smallest unit of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction.

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Molecules

  2. Compounds

  3. Atoms

  4. Electrons

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Dalton's atomic theory states that atoms are the smallest unit of matter that can participate in a chemical reaction. Chemical reactions involve the combination, separation, or rearrangement of atoms, but atoms are neither created, destroyed, divided into parts, or converted into atoms of any other kind.

Dalton's theory fails to determine the existence of

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. molecules

  2. compounds

  3. allotropes

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Dalton's atomic theory fails to explain the existence of allotropes; it does not account for differences in properties of charcoal, graphite, diamond.

According to Dalton, atoms of different elements combine with one another to form :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. compounds

  2. elements

  3. solution

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

 According to Dalton, atoms of different elements combine with one another to form compounds.

Dalton had suggested that an atom is indivisible. 

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Dalton had suggested that an atom is indivisible. All matter is composed of elements, which in turn are made up of small indivisible particles called atoms.

Which of the following is a postulate of Dalton's atomic theory?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. All matter consists of indivisible particles called atoms

  2. The atom is the smallest unit of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction

  3. Atoms of same element can combine in more than one ratio to form two or more compounds

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Dalton's theory of same element have same mass and properties was proved wrong with the invention of:

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. molecules

  2. isotopes

  3. neutrons

  4. compounds

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

According to Dalton Atomic Theory, atoms of an element are identical in mass, size and many other chemicals or physical properties. 


But, practically we observe that atoms of several elements differ in their densities and masses. 

These atoms with the different masses are known as isotopes. For example, Chlorine (Cl) has 2 isotopes with the mass numbers of 35 and 37.

Hence, the correct option is $\text{B}$

A/An______ is the smallest particle of a substance which can take part in a chemical reaction.

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. atom

  2. molecule

  3. both A and B

  4. none of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

An atom is the smallest particle of a substance which can take part in a chemical reactions.

Various theories were put forth to study the nature of atom. The main postulates of Dalton's atomic theory are :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. all matter are composed of atoms

  2. all matters are composed of molecules

  3. all atoms of an element are identical.

  4. the atoms of different elements vary in size and mass.

Show answer
Correct Option: A,C,D
Explanation:

It was John Dalton who firstly developed a theory on the structure of matter, later on which is known as Dalton's atomic theory.


DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY :

1. Matter is made up of very small undivisible particle called atoms.
2. All the atoms of a given element is identical in all respect i.e. mass, shape, size, etc.
3. Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed by any chemical process.
4. Atoms of different elements are different in nature.

Dalton suggested that atoms were indestructible and unchangeable to explain:

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. why mass is conserved in chemical reactions.

  2. why elements combine in fixed weight ratios to form compounds.

  3. why elements are characterized by the mass of their atoms.

  4. why compounds combine in fixed weight ratios in chemical reactions.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Atoms cannot be subdivided, created or destroyed into smaller particles when they are combined,separated or rearranged in chemical reactions. The whole matter remains conserved in the form of reactants changing to products.

Which of the following is not a postulate of Dalton's atomic theory? 

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Different elements have atoms of different masses.

  2. Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds..

  3. Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical change.

  4. Atoms of a single element can have different masses.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Postulates of Dalton's atomic theory:

  • All matter consists of indivisible particles called atoms.
  • Atoms of the same elements are similar in shape and mass but differ from the atoms of other elements.
  • Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
  • Atoms of different elements may combine with each other in a fixed, simple, whole number ratios to form compound atoms.
  • The atom is the smallest unit of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction.

Dalton said that elements are distinguished from each other by :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. the charge on their ions

  2. the density of their solid forms

  3. the weights of their atoms

  4. the shapes of their atoms

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and other properties, while atoms of different elements differ in size, mass and other properties.

Who was the first scientist which proposed that "Matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms"?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Lavoiser

  2. Dalton

  3. Thomson

  4. Faraday

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Dalton Atomic theory postulates-

All matter is made up of atoms and atoms are indestructible cannot be created or destroyed so the total mass of reactants remains equal to the total mass of products.

Atoms of different elements combine in :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. unequal ratios.

  2. prime number ratios.

  3. equal ratios.

  4. whole number ratios.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

When elements react, their atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios.   By suggesting that compounds contained characteristic atom-to-atom ratios, Dalton effectively explained the law of definite proportions.

Dalton's atomic theory was not accepted fully :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. when atoms combine It must be presumed to be a binary one, unless some cause appear to the contrary.

  2. when elements react, their atoms sometimes combine in more than one simple, whole-number ratio.

  3. elements are characterized by the mass of their atoms.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

According to Dalton, When atoms combine in only one ratio, ".. it must be presumed to be a binary one, unless some cause appear to the contrary". 

          There was no experimental evidence to support this postulate, and it lead him to mistakenly assume that the formula of water was OH and the formula of ammonia was NH. As a result, Dalton's atomic weights for oxygen and nitrogen were incorrect and his experimental data did not support many of the conclusions he drew from it.

Which of the following is a merit of Dalton's atomic theory?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Laws of chemical combination

  2. Distinction between the fundamental particle of an element (atom) and that of a compound (molecule)

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 Dalton's theory explains the laws of chemical combination.  Dalton was the first person to recognize a workable difference between the fundamental particle of an element (atom) and that of a compound (molecule).

Among the following, which one can not be further broken down by chemical means?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Cation

  2. Inert Gas

  3. Crystal

  4. Anion

  5. Element

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

An element can not be further broken down by chemical means.


An element is defined as a substance that cannot be decomposed by a simple chemical process into two or more different substances. 

Some of the examples of elements are gold, silver copper, carbon, sulphur and phosphorous.

Hence option E is correct.

Which one proposes the basic postulates concerning elements and atoms?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Avogadro's number

  2. $P _1V _1=P _2V _2$

  3. $V _1T _2=V _2T _1$

  4. Dalton's theory

  5. Gay-Lussac's Law

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Dalton's theory proposes the basic postulates concerning elements and atoms.


All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. 

All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties.  

  Hence, the correct option is D.

Which of the following is not part of the Atomic Theory?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Compounds are made up of combinations of atoms

  2. All atoms of a given element are alike

  3. All matter is composed of atoms

  4. A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms

  5. The atom is mainly empty space

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Main Postulates of Dalton's Atomic Theory
1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.
2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms

option E is not a part of Atomic theory.

An important postulate of Dalton's atomic theory is: 

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. an atom contains electrons, protons and neutrons

  2. atom can neither be created nor destroyed nor divisible

  3. all the atoms of an element are not identical

  4. all the elements are available in nature in the form of atoms

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

According to Dalton's theory, atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed.

The nucleus of the atom $\left( Z>1 \right) $ consists of:

chemistry inside the atom history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Proton and neutron.

  2. Proton and electron.

  3. Neutron and electron.

  4. Proton, neutron and electrons

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The atomic nucleus is the central area of the atom. It is composed of two kinds of subatomic particles: protons and neutrons.The protons and neutrons held together to form the dense area of the nucleus.

For atoms havng $Z>1$ nucleus contains protons and neutrons.

Which of the following species has more number of protons than the number of electrons?

chemistry inside the atom history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. $F^-$

  2. $Na^+$

  3. $O^{2-}$

  4. $Ne$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A positively charged species has more number of protons than the number of electrons.
No. of protons in $Na^+$ = Atomic number of $Na$ = $11$
No. of Electrons in $Na^+ = 10$

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