Diabetes mellitus - class-XII
In diabetes mellitus, what condition is not possible?
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Polyuria
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Loss of apetite
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Glycosuria
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Ketoacidosis
In diabetes mellitus, either body doesn't make enough insulin, or it can't use the insulin it does produce, or a combination of both. The cells need insulin to take in the glucose and use it for energy. Since, the cells can't take in the glucose, it builds up in blood. Common symptoms include the following: frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, sudden vision changes, tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, feeling very tired much of the time, very dry skin, sores, that are slow to heal, more infections than usual.
Insulin stimulates cellular glucose uptake, its utilization, and glycolysis resulting in _______.
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Hypoglycemia
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Hyperglycemia
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Hypo or hyperglycemia depending on the necessity of the body
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None of the above
The pancreas is a mixed gland that acts as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The endocrine part of the pancreas has about 1 to 2 million Islets of Langerhans. The two main types of cells in the Islet of Langerhans are called α-cells and β-cells. The α-cells secrete a hormone called glucagon, while the β-cells secrete insulin. Insulin stimulates cellular glucose uptake, its utilization, and glycogenesis resulting in Hypoglycemia(Low blood sugar).
- So, the correct option is 'Hypoglycemia'.
The type II diabetes is also called as the maturity onset diabetes and is characterized by normal levels of:
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Insulin
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Glucose
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Blood lipids
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Ketone bodies in urine
Type II diabetes is referred to as maturity-onset diabetes because they are characterized by impaired insulin secretion with very less or no defects in insulin action.
___________ hormone regulates blood glucose level.
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Insulin
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Thyroidx
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Growth hormone
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None of these
- Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood to skeletal muscles and fat tissue and by causing fat to be stored rather than used for energy.
- Insulin also inhibits the production of glucose by the liver. Except in the presence of the metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, insulin is provided within the body in a constant proportion to remove excess glucose from the blood, which otherwise would be toxic.
Gestational diabetes is seen to occur in_____________
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Children
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Old age people
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Pregnant women
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Adult male
- Gestational diabetes is the third main form of diabetes and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood sugar level.
In diabetes mellitus, the patient drinks more water as there is urinary loss of
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Salt
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Insulin
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Protein
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Glucose
Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with
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too much insulin in the blood
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too high blood glucose level
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blood that is too dilute
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all of the above
Diabetes Mellitus is due to deficiency or absence of insulin or interference in insulin activity. Prolonged hypergylcaemia leads to this disorder. This causes following effects :
Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Diabetes mellitus is explained below in four statements. Pick out the false statement:
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failure of insulin secretion produces this disease
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blood sugar is lower than the renal threshold for glucose
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glucose appears in the urine
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thirst is enhanced due to urinary loss of water
Diabetes Mellitus is due to deficiency or absence of insulin or interference in insulin activity. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to this complex disorder called diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus causes the following effects :
Condition of concentration of ketone body urine is
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Turners syndrome
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Sickle cell anaemia
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Acromegaly
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Diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
- The condition in which your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead. This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine.
- High ketone levels in urine may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of diabetes that can lead to a coma or even death. Hence, the Condition of a concentration of ketone body urine is diabetes mellitus.
- So, the correct answer is 'diabetes mellitus'.
Ketonuria is due to
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Intake of excess sugar
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Diabetes insipidus
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Diabetes mellitus
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High blood pressure
- Under conditions of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, such as occurs in diabetes mellitus, in which your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead.
- This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine.
- ketones accumulate in the blood (ketonemia) and are excreted in the urine (ketonuria).
- The accumulation of ketones is often the cause of acidosis and coma in diabetics. Ketonuria is also associated with starvation. Hence, Ketonuria is due to diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by
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Increase of sugar in blood
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Increase of sugar in urine
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Decrease of sugar in blood
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Both A and B
Failure or reduced insulin production causes
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Diabetes mellitus
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Diabetes insipidus
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Addison's disease
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Cushing's disease
Insulin deficiency causes
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Diabetes insipidus
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Goitre
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Diabetes mellitus
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All of the above
Juvenile diabetes mellitus is due to
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Loss of pancreatic beta cells
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Resistance to insulin
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Malnutrition
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Obesity
Percentage of world population suffering from diabetes is
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48%
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24%
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4%
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1%
- Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
- Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications.
- The number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Hence, Percentage of world population suffering from diabetes is 4%.
Which of the following are asssociated with diabetes mellitus, a common diseases in adults?
1. Higher sugar level in blood
2. Lower sugar level in blood
3. Lower insulin level in blood
4. Higher insulin level in blood
Select the correct answer by using the codes given:
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2 and 3
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1 and 2
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2 and 4
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1 and 3
Diabetes mellitus is a disease which is caused due to the deficiency of insulin hormone. As insulin is not present in the blood the glucose cannot be taken up by the cell. Therefore the amount of glucose increases in the blood which leads to the damage of tiny blood vessel in the kidney, heart, eyes and nervous system.
Which one of the following is correct for a normal human?
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pH of urine is around 8.
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On an average, $75-80$ mg of urea is excreted via urine per day.
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Presence of ketone bodies in urine is a n indicator of diabetes mellitus.
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Relaxation of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous contraction of urethral sphincter causes the release of urine.
Symptoms of diabetes develop more rapidly in _____________
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Type 1 DM
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Type 2 DM
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Gestational diabetes
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All of the above
- Some of the symptoms associated with untreated diabetes mellitus (DM) are weight loss, polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger).
- These symptoms may develop rapidly (weeks or months) in type 1 DM, while they usually develop much more slowly and maybe subtle or absent in type 2 DM.
For a person suffering from diabetes, the intake of carbohydrates should be preferably in the form of
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Monosaccharide
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Disaccharide
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Polysaccharide
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All of the above
Carbohydrates should constitute around 60-70% of the total calories in diabetics. Carbohydrates in the form of simple sugars need restriction. The carbohydrates should be in the form of complex polysaccharides (starch) and contain adequate amount of digestible fibres. Very high carbohydrate intakes and/or high glycaemic index foods can exacerbate the dyslipidemia, including hypertriglyceridemia.
................... is an insulin resistant type of diabetes mellitus.
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Type 1
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Type 2
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Type 3
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None of these
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that results in high sugar level in the blood or high blood glucose.
- Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced.
- Type 1 DM results from the failure of the beta cells of the pancreas to produce enough insulin.
- Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly.