Agrobacterium tumefacians is used for the production of transgenic plants as it carries a plasmid capable of inducing tumors in plants. These tumors can be artificially induced by transferring the gene into a plant which otherwise is not prone to infection, where the plasmid is genetically engineered for inserting a particular gene, for example, the transfer of delta endotoxin and npt II gene, from Bacillus thuringiensis, in commercially useful plants like cotton to protect it from its predator, the gall worm

Bio-remediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. Bio-remediation is a treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances. 

A transgenic crop plant contains a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted instead of the plant acquiring them through pollination. The inserted gene sequence (known as the transgene) may come from another unrelated plant, or from a completely different species: transgenic Bt corn, for example, which produces its own insecticide, contains a gene from a bacterium. 

• Dolly is the first sheep which was developed by the technique of cloning. 
• The sheep was developed from the diploid body cell. The somatic cell from the mother sheep was taken and the nucleus was injected into the egg cell.
• This egg cell was cultured and transferred to the surrogate mother. 
• The sheep Dolly was identical in the characters with the mother who donated the diploid nucleus from the body cell. 
• The genes from the mother cells were transferred to Dolly. 
• Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

• Escherichia coli is considered as a model organism. The organism can be cultured and maintained very easily in the laboratory conditions. 
• The genome of the prokaryotic bacteria has been mapped and the details about all the genes and the products have been known. 
• This makes it easy to modify or alter and gene, introduce a new gene or mutate the gene and study the effect. The organism can be easily studied as the growth rate is high. 
• So, many works related to genetics have been performed using this bacterium.
• Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Pesticides are the substances used to kill or repel pests. On the basis of chemical structure, major pesticides are grouped under five categories.(i) organochlorines (ii) organophosphates (iii) carbamates (iv) pyrethroids (v) triazines. Organochlorines are basically organic compounds that have been chlorinated and have very low bio - degradation and get accumulated in environment and possess serious problems. DDT, BHC, Aldrin and Endosulphan are the examples of organochlorines.

 Fenitrothion is an example of organophosphate. 

So, the correct answer is 'If the assertion is true but the reason is false'

A reporter gene is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in bacteria, cell culture, animals or plants. It determines the action of transgene in transgenic plants and animals.