• Nomenclature of carboxylic acids - class-X
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Nomenclature of carboxylic acids - class-X

Description: nomenclature of carboxylic acids
Number of Questions: 17
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Tags: aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids chemistry organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-2) carbonyl compounds derivatives of hydrocarbons chemical reactions of organic compounds organic compounds containing c, h and o
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Sodium salt of an organic acid 'X' produces effervescence with conc. $H _2SO _{4}$. 'X' reacts with the acidified aqueous $CaCl _2$ solution to give a white precipitate which decolourises acidic solution of $KMnO _4$. 'X' is 

chemistry aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. $C _6H _5COONa$

  2. $HCOONa$

  3. $CH _3COONa$

  4. $Na _2C _2O _4$

Show answer
Correct Option: D

The trivial name of ${ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }CH=CH-COOH$ is :

chemistry aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. cinnamic acid

  2. 1-phenyl-2-carboxy ethane

  3. 3-phenyl prop-2-enoic acid

  4. dihydroxy-3-phenyl propionic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The trivial name of this compound is Cinnamic acid. Hence, option A is correct.

The correct name of the given compound :
${ CH } _{ 3 }-\overset { \underset { | }{ H }  }{ \underset { \overset { | }{ OH }  }{ C }  } -{ COOH }$

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. glycoxal

  2. lactic acid

  3. glycine

  4. glyceraldehyde

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The given compound is Lactic acid.

It contain one $-OH$ group and one $-COOH$ group along with 3 carbon atoms.

IUPAC name of $CH _3CH(CH _3)COOH$ is :

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. butyric acid

  2. propionic acid

  3. 2-methylpropanoic acid

  4. dimethylacetic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

As it contains 4 carbon and functional group is carboxylic acid so its name is 2-methyl propanoic acid.

Give the condensed formula of following,
$2 - Hydroxy- 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic$ acid :

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. $(HOOC)CH _2C(COOH)(OH)CH _2(COOH)$

  2. $(HOOC)CH _2C(COOH)(COOH)CH _2(OH)$

  3. $(HOOC)CH _3C(COOH)CH _2(COOH)$

  4. $(HOOC)CH _2CH _2C(COOH)(OH)CH _2(COOH)$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
$2 - Hydroxy- 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid$ 
The name suggests functional groups are - three Carboxylic Acid (main) and one Alcohol (secondary) at position C-2, with 3 carbons in main chain. 
The condensed formula is $(HOOC)CH _2C(COOH)(OH)CH _2(COOH)$

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. Methane was named as fire damp as it forms explosive mixture with air

  2. Primary suffixes are added to the root word to show saturation or unsaturation in a C atom

  3. The IUPAC name of valerie acid is pentanoic acid

  4. The common name of hexanoic acid is caproic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
Methane was named as fire damp as it forms explosive mixture with air. It is a flammable gas found in coal mines.
Primary suffix  indicates the degree of saturation or unsaturation in the basic skeleton and is added immediately after the root word.
The IUPAC name of Valeric acid is pentanoic acid  being a liquid of pungent odor obtained from valerian roots.
The common name of hexanoic acid is caproic acid with an odor like limburger cheese.

Aspirin is:

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. Acetyl salicylic acid

  2. Benzoyl salicylic acid

  3. Chloro benzoic acid

  4. Anthranilic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Structure of ethanoic acid is:

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. $\displaystyle { CH } _{ 3 }-{ CH } _{ 2 }-{ CH } _{ 3 }$

  2. $\displaystyle CH _3-\underset {\displaystyle \underset {\displaystyle O}{ ||}}{C}-OH$

  3. $\displaystyle { CH } _{ 3 }-O-{ C } _{ 3 }{ H } _{ 7 }$

  4. $\displaystyle CH _3-\underset {\displaystyle \underset {\displaystyle O}{ ||}}{C}-CH _3$

  5. $\displaystyle CH _3 - CH _2- NH _2$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Structure of ethanoic acid is $\displaystyle CH _3-\underset {\displaystyle \underset {\displaystyle O}{ ||}}{C}-OH$. It is also called acetic acid. It can be considered as compound formed by substituting the hydrogen atom of methane with carboxylic group $-COOH$.   

The general formula of carboxylic acids is:

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. $C _nH _nCOOH$

  2. $C _nH _{2n-1}$

  3. $C _nH _{2n-2}COOH$

  4. $C _nH _{2n+1}COOH$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The general formula of carboxylic acid is ${ C } _{ n }{ H } _{ 2n+1 }COOH$
$C{ H } _{ 3 }COOH, { C } _{ 2 }{ H } _{ 5 }COOH$...etc

What is the common name of $CH _2=CHCOOH$?

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. Anthranilic acid

  2. Citric acid

  3. Acrylic acid

  4. Propenoic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Common name of $CH _2=CHCOOH$ is acrylic acid.

IUPAC name of $HOOCCH _2C(OH)(COOH)CH _2COOH$ is

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. citric acid

  2. 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetri-carboxylicacid

  3. 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanoic acid

  4. hexanetrioic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Correct IUPAC name of given compound is 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetri-carboxylicacid. Citric acid is its common name.

Acetic acid is present in vinegar. Curd contains ______ .

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. lactic acid

  2. tartaric acid

  3. picric acid

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lactic acid is present in curd. The increased acidity causes the milk proteins to tangle into curds. 

$C _nH _{2n-1}COOH$ is the general formula for:

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. saturated fatty acids

  2. unsaturated fatty acids

  3. simple lipids

  4. phospholipids

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$C _nH _{2n-1}COOH$ is a general formula for unsaturated fatty acids.

For example: $CH _2=CH-COOH$
Propenoic acid $C _2H _3COOH$
$C _nH _{2n+1}COOH$ is general formula for saturated fatty acids.
For example: $CH _3COOH$ is Ethanoic acid.

The correct structural formula of butanoic acid is

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. $H-\overset{H}{\overset{|}{\underset{H}{\underset{|}{C}}}}-\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}=\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}-\overset{O}{\overset{||}{C}}-OH$

  2. $H-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{O}{\overset{||}{C}}}}-OH$

  3. $H-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-OH$

  4. $H-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\overset{O}{\overset{||}{C}}-OH$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. where $-COOH$ is the functional group.

$H-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}-\overset{O}{\overset{||}{C}}-OH$

So, the correct representation of butanoic acid is $D$

The functional group present in carboxylic acids is ?

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. -COOH

  2. -CO-

  3. -OH

  4. -CHO

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Carboxylic acids are represented by -COOH- functional group. It ionizes to give carboxylate ions and hydrogen ions. This group present in a compound makes it an acid and if present with other groups in the compound it is always present at position no.1 and carbon is included in the carbon chain atoms.

The general formula of carboxylic acids is:

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. $C _{n}H _{n}COOH$

  2. $C _{n}H _{2n}COOH$

  3. $C _{n}H _{2n-2}COOH$

  4. $C _{n}H _{2n+1}COOH$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

General formula of acids is: $C _{n}H _{2n+1}COOH$.

For example: for n=1 we get $CH _3-COOH$ which is acetic acid.

IUPAC name of $CH _3COOH$ is:

chemistry chemical reactions of organic compounds alkanoic acids nomenclature of carboxyl group nomenclature of carboxylic acids

  1. acetic acid

  2. formic acid

  3. methanoic acid

  4. ethanoic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

It has 2 carbon atoms, and functional group is carboxylic group,suffix is "oic acid"
 thus IUPAC name is Ethanoic acid

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