Sprouts develop in the pulses or grain under humid environment with adequate amount of water fasten the process of germination and Roots comes out.

Germination is the process of seeds developing into new plants. First, environmental conditions must trigger the seed to grow.

Aerobic respiration is respiration which occurs in the presence of oxygen. Aeration is the main phenomenon which helps in the germination of seed. Oxygen is absorbed by the cells which later gets transformed into energy for future uses. For better germination of seeds require oxygen, water, sunlight, and temperature.

In summary, seed germination is the process of a fertilized plant ovary, or seed, developing into a mature plant. Seed germination starts with imbibition when the seed takes in water from the soil. This triggers root growth to allow the seed to get more water.

Annulus in the major part of median vertical ring. It extends  from top to the base of the capsule.

Phylum, Species, and Class are taxonomic category. But, Glumaceae is not a category. It is a botanical name assigned to order including the family of grass, used by Bentham and Hooker. So, the correct answer is (D).

• Initially, the seed absorbs water by wicking moisture through the seed coat into the seed itself. 

• Moisture essentially brings the seed back to life. 

• Once enough moisture has been absorbed by the seed, the exterior of the seed cracks open. 

• At this point, the radicle emerges from the seed and forms into the root.

• The hypocotyl, or stem of the germinating seed, elongates and pushes the the cotyledon above ground.
• So the correct answer is' 2-3-4-1'

Options (a), (b) and (c) represent the events that take place before fertilisation. Primary endosperm nucleus (PEN) is formed after double fertilisation and develops into endosperm.

Ginkgo biloba, or maidenhair tree, has been described as a living fossil, because it is the sole survivor of an ancient group of trees older than the dinosaurs.