The question below consists of a pair of related words followed by four pairs of words. Select the pair that best expresses the relation in the original pair: Gladiator : Arena

Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following sentence: Under ethical guidelines recently adopted by the Indian Medical Association, human genes are to be manipulated only to correct diseases for which treatments are unsatisfactory.

Choose the word from the options given below that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the given word: Frequency

Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following sentence: It was her view that the country’s problems had been by foreign technocrats, so that to invite them to come back would be counter-productive.

There are two candidates P and Q in an election. During the campaign, 40% of the voters promised to vote for P, and rest for Q. However, on the day of election, 15% of the voters went back on their promise to vote for P and instead voted for Q. 25% of the voters went back on their promise to vote for Q and instead voted for P. Suppose, P lost by 2 votes, what was the total number of voters?

The horse has played a little known but very important role in the field of medicine. Horses were injected with toxins of diseases until their blood built up immunities. Then a serum was made from their blood. Serums to fight with diphtheria and tetanus were developed this way. It can be inferred from the passage, that horses were

The sum of n terms of the series 4 + 44 + 444 +.... is

Given that fry) = |y| / y, and q is any non-zero real number, the value of |f(q) – f(– q)| is

Three friends, R, S and T shared toffee from a bowl. R took 1/3^rd of the toffees, but returned four to the bowl. S took 1/4^th of what was left but returned three toffees to the bowl. T took half of the remainder but returned two back into the bowl. If the bowl had 17 toffees left, how many toffees were originally there in the bowl?

The fuel consumed by a motorcycle during a journey while traveling at various speeds is indicated in the graph below.

The distances covered during four laps of the journey are listed in the table below.

From the given data, we can conclude that the fuel consumed per kilometer was least during the lap

Electrophile among the following is

The major product for the following reaction is

Trouton's rule is obeyed by

Which one of the following compounds is known as silanes?

The shape of PCI₅ is

The correct order of acidity is

Consider the following equilibrium SO₂ (g) + ½ O₂ (g) ⇌ SO₃ (g), $\Delta$H = –23.5 kCal mo1^–1 The formation of SO₃ is favoured by

A molecular electronic excited state has a life time of 10^–9 s, the uncertainty in measuring the frequency (Hz) of the electronic transition is approximately

According to the molecular orbital theory, bond order for H₂⁺ species is

According to crystal field theory, the electronic configuration of [Ti(H₂O)₆]³⁺ in the ground state is

The ions with lowest and highest radii among O^2-, F^-, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ are respectively,

Directions: The solubility products of FeS, ZnS, CuS and HgS are 1.0 ^_$\times$ 4.5 ^_$\times$ 10^–24, 4.0 ^_$\times$ 10^–38 and 3.0 ^_$\times$ 10^–53 respectively.

H₂S is passed through an aqueous solution containing all the four metal ions. The metal ion that precipitates first is

Directions: The solubility products of FeS, ZnS, CuS and HgS are 1.0 ^_$\times$ 4.5 ^_$\times$ 10^–24, 4.0 ^_$\times$ 10^–38 and 3.0 ^_$\times$ 10^–53 respectively.

The concentration of S^2–, at which FeS begins to precipitate from the mixture having 0.1 M Fe²⁺ is

Directions: Consider the reaction

The above reaction is an example of

Directions: Consider the reaction:

If the concentration of KOH in the reaction mixture is doubled, the rate of the reaction will be

Which one of the following DOES NOT inhibit protein biosynthesis?

The activation of the complement components occurs via three distinct pathways. Which of the following component (s) is specific to the ‘Alternate Pathway’?

Which one of the following enzymes fixes CO₂ into organic form?

Cytochrome C is normally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is released into the cytoplasm during

Horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase are the two enzymes commonly utilized as reagents in ELISA, because these enzymes

The polarity of water molecule is due to

Cyanide poisoning is due to its direct inhibition of

In humans, the largest energy reserve is

A mixture of four proteins of pls 11, 7, 5 and 3 are loaded on DEAE anion-exchange column equilibrated with low ionic strength buffer of pH 8. Which of the four proteins would be expected to be retained on the column?

Valinomycin, a cyclic peptide antibiotic, facilitates the transport of which one of the following ions?

Match P, Q, R and S with the appropriate numbers 1 to 6 on the right

Two purified DNA samples A and B contain equal number of base pairs. Each of these DNA samples has one site each for EcoRI and BamHI restriction enzymes. Complete digestion with both the enzymes yielded 3 DNA bands and 2 DNA bands respectively for A and B upon electrophoresis of the digestion products. Which one of the following explains the observation?

In the following enzyme catalyzed reaction which follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics

K_m is equal to

Match the items in Group I with those in Group II.

Three samples of antibodies were electrophoresed under denaturing and reducing conditions on a 15% acrylamide gel, followed by staining with Coomassie blue dye. Samples 1, 2 and 3 showed two, three and four stainable bands respectively. Which one of the following conclusions can be made from these observations?

Four identical PCR reactions were carried out in tubes named I, II, III and IV. Besides the usual mix of dNTPs, each of the tubes respectively contained ^_$\gamma$-³²P dATP, ^_$\beta$-³²P dATP, ^_$\alpha$-³²P dATP and ^_$\alpha$-³²P rNTP. Which one of the tubes will have radiolabeled PCR product?

Match the following:

Collagen, ^_$\alpha$-keratin and tropomyosin have common structural features. They are (P) disulfide bridges to neighboring proteins. (Q) repeating sequences of amino acids (R) a high 3-sheet content (S) superhelical coiling

Match the following:

Scatchard analysis of ligand-receptor interaction yielded the graph shown below. The affinity of the ligand-receptor interaction can be obtained from

The stalk with which the ovule remains attached to the placenta is called

The diploid chromosome number of an organism is 2n = 14. What would be the expected chromosome numbers in a nullisomic?

The mutagen ethidium bromide acts as a

During photorespiration the reactive oxygen species, H₂O₂ is produced in

One of the defense mechanisms adopted by plants for detoxification of heavy metals is the synthesis of

In which one of the following phases of cell cycle the drug colchicine exerts its effect?

The transition of water molecule from liquid to glassy state during cryopreservation is termed as

The DNA content of a nucleus can be measured by

Retrograde signaling involves communication of

A photoautotrophic micropropagation system can be established by increasing the

Which of the following statements in photosynthesis are CORRECT? P. The absorption maxima for photosystem I (PS I) and PS II are 680 nm and 700 nm, respectively. Q. Photosynthetic reaction centre contains 300 chlorophyll molecules and the release of one molecule of oxygen requires a minimum of 8 photons. R. The non-photochemical quenching of excitation energy is enhanced by the presence of zeaxanthin. S. The photochemical splitting of water occurs in PS I.

Which of the following statements are TRUE on DNA delivery methods during plant transformation? P. Single stranded nicks are made in T-DNA border repeat by the VirD1, VirD2 and VirD3 protein complex. Q. virA gene products form the export apptratus on the membrane for the transfer of T-DNA. R. Gold/Tungsten particles are used as microprojectiles in biolistic method. S. Acceleration of DNA-coated microprojectiles is carried out with compressed CO₂.

Match the following plant secondary compounds with their uses and source plants.

Match the gene of interest for various aspects of crop improvement.

Match the plants with their seed storage proteins.

Match the name of the disease with the causal organism.

Identify the CORRECT statements for phylogenetic systems of classification. P. The most popular phylogenetic systems of classification is that of George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker and was published in ‘Genera Plantarum’. Q. A true phylogenetic system of classification was proposed by Adlof Engler and was published in ‘Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfan-ijljen’. R. The phylogenetic system of classification proposed by John Hutchinson was appeared in ‘The Families of Flowering Plants’. S. The origin of dicot from primitive monocot was proposed by Arthur Cronquist in his book ‘Systema Naturae’.

Which of the following statements are TRUE for the plastid genomes? P. Plastid genome is circular in nature with genome size of 120-160 kb. Q. The plastid ribosomes are with sedimentation coefficient of 80 S. R. The gene for the small subunit of ribulose bisphospate carboxylase (RubisCO) is located in the plastid. S. rRNAs in the plastid genome are arranged in one transcription unit.

Identify the CORRECT statements. P. Specialized parenchymatous cells with tannins and crystals of calcium oxalate are termed as sciereids. Q. The sieve elements of angiosperms are surrounded by companion cells and are essential component of phloem loading. R. The exudation of water by guttation occurs through trichomes. S. The bulliform cells control the unrolling and hygroscopic movement of grass leaves.

Which of the following statements are INCORRECT on ecological point of view? P. Primary succession involving xerosere is initiated in a wet habitat. Q. Halones commonly found in electronic equipment are one of the active force destroying the protective ozone layer in the stratosphere. R. Sympatric speciation occurs when the new species evolves in geographic isolation from the parent species. S. ^_$\alpha$-Diversity is the diversity of species within a habitat or community.

Quinolones inhibit bacterial growth by targeting

To select for spontaneously arising histidine auxotrophs in a population, you would use a medium containing

Which one of the following statements is NOT associated with contributions of Louis Pasteur?

The active transport of solute in the cell is characterized by

Catabolite repression allows cells to save energy by

A newly emerged variant of Influenza virus can be selectively propagated from the mixed population by addition of

The synthesis of an immunoglobulin in either a secretory or membrane bound form is governed by

The cis-trans test can determine whether a gene codes for

Which of the following are expected to be the abundant inhabitants of a nitrate and sulfate rich soil naturally depleted for oxygen?

Which one of the following immersion oils would you use to get the best resolution in a light microscope (with 100 X objective)?

Four Hfr strains of E. coli were generated from the same F strain. The Hfr strains donated markers in the following order Straini: DQWMT; Strain 2: AXPTM; Strain 3: BNCAX; Strain 4: BDQWM The order of the markers in the original F⁺ strain is

Which one of the following forms of the same DNA molecule would bind maximum ethidium bromide?

An actively growing culture of E. coli divides in about 20 mm. Under laboratory conditions, time taken to replicate the entire genome of this bacterium would be about

Which of the statements about Coiynebacterium diphtheriae biology is NOT CORRECT?

Match the names of investigators in Group 1 with their contributions in Group 2.

Group 1| Group 2| | P. Joseph Lister| 1. Role of phagocytosis in infection| | Q. John Needham| 2. Disproved spontaneous generation| | R. Elie Metchnikoff| 3. Proved Spontaneous generation | | S. Lazaro Spallanzani| 4. Use of agar as solidifying agent | | | 5. Use of carbolic acid as disinfectant |

During replication of the F. coli chromosome, Okazaki fragments are produced from

A new isolate of a facultative anaerobe utilizes either oxygen or pyruvate as terminal electron acceptor. This bacterium was grown either anaerobically with glucose as sole carbon source; or aerobically with lactose as the sole carbon source. Net increase in ATP production (per mole of the carbon source) during the aerobic growth would be

Based on their properties, match the “Genera” in Group 1 with those in Group 2

Group 1| Group 2| | P. Bacillus| 1. Sarcina| | Q. Neisseria| 2. Azotobacter| | R. Rhizobiurn| 3. Hyphomicrobium| | S. Caulobacter| 4. Clostridium|

An actively growing culture (20 ml) of E. coli (1 ^_$\times$ 10⁵ per ml) was mixed with a total of 100 T4 phage particles, grown further for 40 min and mixed with a few drops of chloroform. Under the conditions used, the generation time of F. coli is 30 min, the infection cycle of phage T4 is 20 min, and the burst size is 100. Assuming that each infection was a successful one, how many plaque forming units would you expect at the end of the experiment?

Match the pair of organisms in Group 1 with their characteristic interactions in Group 2

Which one of the following is an example of eumetazoans?

Which one of the following is characteristic of deuterostomes?

Extraembryonic tissues are derived from which one of the following?

Which one of the following type of immune cells is responsible for graft rejection?

Which of the following is a main symptom of infection by Wuchereria bancrofti?

In insect's tracheal system, the transport of oxygen to the target tissue is done by

Which one of the following examples represents an adaptation or a physiological activity that DOES NOT minimize the loss of body temperature of animals?

Which one of the following hormones is INCORRECTLY paired with its function?

The term innate behavior refers to an animal behavior

Which of the following is TRUE about Kreb's cycle?

A genetic experiment was performed to map the gene (s) for eye colour in a newly-discovered moth species. Sex determination in this moth species: XY — male and XX — female. When blue-eyed males were mated to green-eyed females, all of both male and female progeny had green eyes. When these progeny were mated among themselves, about half of the males of the resulting second generation had blue eyes; however, all females were green-eyed. Which one of the following is consistent with the above data?

In a newly discovered organism, normal development was unaffected when a few blastomeres were removed from 100-cell stage embryo. However, removal of five cells at the 1000-cell stage abolished the formation of kidney. Which one of the following options most accurately describes the type (s) of specification operating in the development of this organism?

In which one of the following organisms, it is easiest to distinguish mutations on adjacent base pairs of DNA through genetic recombination experiments?

RNA is considered as the first genetic material to have evolved on the earth. Which one of the following properties of RNA is critical for its functioning as the genetic material in the absence of DNA and protein?

The birth control pills contain hormonal formulations that may either arrest the ovulation or prevent the fertilization of egg. Some of the formulations do both. Which one of the following combinations represents a formulation that is likely to affect the process of ovulation and fertilization?

Behavioral studies on animals have shown that there is relationship between mechanism of reproduction and male parental care (protecting eggs or the young ones). In aquatic invertebrates, fishes and amphibians for example, the species that practice internal fertilization rarely show male parental care while a majority of species that practice external fertilization tend to exhibit male parental care. This is likely due to

The term biological magnification refers to the increased levels of a toxin seen in successive trophic levels in a food web. Which one of the following options correctly states the reason(s) for the increment of a toxin in the ecosystem?

From the point of view of the enzymatic reactions, which of the following DOES NOT belong here?

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about JUXTACRINE signaling? I. The ligand and the receptor engage in reciprocal signaling. II. Both the ligand and the receptor are membrane associated proteins. III. The ligand gets proteolytically cleaved after binding to the receptor.

Which of the following amino acid change (mutation) would MOST adversely affect the structure of an ^_$\alpha$-helix?

The protein responsible for spongy structure in bread is

The factor most responsible for making a good ice cream is

Listed below are some of the functions of fats in the human nutrition. Identify the INCORRECT function.

During ripening of cheese by Penicillium roqueforti the characteristic aroma is because of

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in case of oxidative rancidity of fatty foods?

Which of the following group of characteristics is CORRECT in respect of Shigella species found as food pathogen?

Relate the vitamins listed below (left hand side) with the associated diseases (right hand side)

Which of the following conditions for the heat resistance of microorganisms is CORRECT?

The solubility of sodium bicarbonate in water is 9.6 g/100 g at 20°C and 16.4 g/100 g at 60°C. If a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate at 60°C is cooled to 20°C, the percentage of the dissolved salt crystallized out will be

Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE in terms of nutritive evaluation of proteins?

A sugar syrup (density = 1040 kg/m³ and viscosity = 1600 _^$\times$ 10^–6 Pa.s) is required to be pumped into a tank (1.5 m diameter and 3 m height) by a 3 cm inside diameter pipe. If the liquid is required to flow under laminar conditions, the minimum time to fill the tank with the syrup will be

Match the following sauerkraut defects for their causative agents

Match the following carbohydrates with their use in the food processing:

Match the food items and their principal flavouring agents given in the two columns below.

Match the food items on left hand side with their colloidal nature on right hand side.

In an actively growing (exponential phase) yeast culture, the cell concentration increased from 10³ cells per ml to 10⁷ cells per ml in 4 h. The doubling time of the yeast is

The steps followed in Gram’s staining of microorganisms are P. Washing with neutral organic solvent Q. Counter staining with a contrast dye R. Staining with basic dye S. Fixing the colour with a suitable mordant Identify the CORRECT sequence.

A continuous dryer was used to dry 12 kg/min of a blanched vegetable containing 50% moisture (wet weight basis) to give a product containing 10% moisture. As the dryer could handle feed material with moisture content not more than 25%, a part of dried material was recycled and mixed with the fresh feed. The evaporation rate in the dryer will be

An enzyme has a K_m of 4.7 ^_$\times$ 10^–5 M and V_m is 22 micro moles per litre per min. The enzyme reaction is carried out at a substrate concentration of 2 ^_$\times$ 10^-4 M. The initial reaction velocity for this enzyme catalyzed reaction will be

The F – value at 121.1°C, equivalent to 99.9999 percent destruction of a strain of Clostridium botulinum, is 1.8 mm. The D_o value (decimal reduction time at reference temperature) of the organism will be