Plasmodium, Leishmania, Trypanosoma are blood parasite which Entamoeba lives as an intestinal parasite.

Metanephric kidney is found in reptiles. Part of it develops from the caudal portion of the intermediate cell mass or nephrotome, the remaining portion is derived from a bud of the mesonephric duct.

Proctology is the branch of medicine concerned with treating disorders of colon, rectum and anus.

Congenital diseases present at birth and are caused by recessive genes in both parents.

Taenia (tapeworm) belongs to the acoelomate phylum platyhelminthes.

Balbiani rings are large RNA puffs reported in the salivary gland chromosomes of chironomus during larval development.

Haemozoin is an insoluble digestion product of malarial parasites produced from haemoglobin.

Hashimoto's disease is also known as 'suicide of thyroid gland'. It is most frequently seen in middle aged women.

The facial features of Down's syndromes resemble to mongol, an Asian ethnic group.

Chimaera is composed of genetically diverse tissues in most cases in a plant more rarely in an animal.

There are three general types of restriction enzymes type I and III cleave DNA away from recognition sites. Type II restriction endonucleases DNA at specific recognition sites.

The term recombinant DNA is applied to DNA molecules produced by in vitro ligation of DNA from two different organisms.

Some codons signify termination of the amino acid chain. These are called nonsense codons. UAG, UAA and UGA respectively known as amber, ochre and opal.

IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin in external secretions such as breast milk, saliva, tears and mucus of the bronchial genito urinary and digestive tracts.

The functional kidney of a frog tadpole is pronephros (head kidney) developed from nephrotomes in the anterior regions.

Baer's law was reinterpreted in the light of evolutionary theory by Muller and Haeckel (1864) and named as 'Biogenetic law'.