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RC Step - 4

Description: GRE RC
Number of Questions: 9
Created by:
Tags: GRE RC Inference Purpose Assumption Critical Reasoning Explain/Resolve Structure of a Passage
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What is the author least likely to agree with?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

Fashion, much like the society that it is an integral part of, is an ever evolving organism with many interdependent and complemental roles and myriad rules that are assayed within the framework devised by the numerous constituents of the same. Over the ages, the mindset of allegedly the most intelligent race on the planet has been transfigured sometimes gleefully and with vociferous cries of ayes and at times grudgingly and involuntarily. The movement has sometimes found favor with the teeming multitudes while at others antagonizing a sizable component those that have to be dragged, kicking, screaming and protesting into accepting the writing on the wall about the impermanence of the order of things. What is meat and potatoes for someone turns into over fermented vinegar for others and herein lies both the rub and the beauty of the turn of events. The fifties and sixties were perhaps epitomized by the Wild West, the rough and ready apparel, the Blue Levis, the cocked hat and the loaded gun. People like Clint Eastwood, John Wayne and Gregory Peck came to be the vanguard of the cowboy tribe, the one of frequent brawls and infrequent baths. The seventies are known as ‘Swinging’ not without a legitimate cause. Suddenly, macho was not the only buzz word and with the advent of psychedelic hued clothes (would not be surprised at all if Hawaiian print shirts- the loud ones-made an appearance during this period), headbands, free and universal love, booze, drugs and aspirations of world peace, the fashion scene changed once again. In the backdrop of the ill-fated Vietnam War, it was the on screen rebels like James Dean, the celluloid Mafia dons like Marlon Brando and Al Pacino that stole the thunder and ruled the roost. Eighties saw the emergence of cult figures like the Ray-Ban adorned Tom Cruise, Nicholas Cage and Clark Kent as Superman- without the shades but with the addition of a cape. It is really surprising that both hot and cool mean similar things at times even when the trusted dictionary tells us that they are locked in mortal combat. Something that is rakish and swank can and does often turn dowdy faster than one can say the magic word - abracadabra! It is really nothing to get one’s knickers in a twist over when a fashion iconoclast like Farah Fawcett Majors is thought of to be so eighties now. The curl, the wave and the bang, made so famous by the Goldilocks evokes now a sigh of nostalgia in some and a whistle of disbelief in others. Alas, fashion, like the divas that represent it on the promenade, can hardly be called the cornerstone of reliability and dependability, changing moods with the speed and the fickleness of the earth changing moods, the chameleon changing colors, and most aptly, like the models who, in the time between one swirl on the stage and the next pirouette, change clothes so fast that one would be forgiven for harboring the belief that Superman must have taken lessons from them.

  1. Adulation is evanescent and ephemeral.

  2. Beware of the new kid on the block.

  3. Fashion is dictated by the heartthrobs of the era.

  4. Uncertainty is the new buzz word.

  5. Change is not always for the better.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

(1) Incorrect; the passage highlights that fashion & trends are transient and role models keep changing. (2) Incorrect; as change is the only constant, older order will yield place to new. (3) Correct; there has been no connection explained that says that heartthrobs dictate fashion, it could be the other way around too. (4) Incorrect; in an ever changing world, nothing is certain. (5) Incorrect; the author gives the contra-example to butterfly to drive home his point.

What development is imperative for the Chinese economy to reach the critical mass for next level of development?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

As the dragon country preens in the spotlight brought about by its fiscal policies that have catapulted it to the centre stage in global economics, additional proof of its newly founded ascendancy has been brought about by its superseding of Japan to officially become world’s second largest economy. What is causing heartburn to many jingoistic analysts and economists from other nations of the world stage is the knowledge that a large part of this leap in rankings has been brought about by the burgeoning exports that have brought along with them a huge hoard of precious foreign currency. It is indeed a marvel how the President, Hu Jin Tao is managing to keep such an impassive front when anyone else in his shoes would have been grinning like a Cheshire cat that has just polished off a huge bowl of cream. Perhaps he is just one of those unexpressive characters or maybe he is waiting to polish off the last few wrinkles on the fiscal face before breaking into a joyful jig. An indication of the latter came recently when the state media, in a statement released to the world media, stressed upon the need of, and the increasing focus of the ruling junta on more equitable distribution of wealth which would endeavor to include farmers and workers into the explosive growth story.

As of now, the unofficial figures state that the cream of the Chinese society makes approximately seventy times more money on year on year basis than the populace at the bottom of the pyramid. Althou gh official numbers contest these findings, they also do not paint a propitious scenario. The Premier, in his call to action, has been exhorting political and economic restructuring with the balance of the power shifting its centre of gravity ever so slightly in favor of the masses but his viewpoint is not finding many backers in the government and the bureaucracy because these two sections of the society, apart from the various large industrial manufacturing units, have benefited the most from the current polices. In spite of the strident objections, a few steps towards the process of deregulating the economy have come through a subtle and tacit approval of the worker’s strikes in the People’s Republic. Idealistically speaking, the workers own everything according to the party doctrine which precludes the need for them to ever resort to a tool-down strike but ground realities are rather different. However, recent incidents of workers going on strikes for pressing their demands for better salaries have not been met by disapproval from the authorities and the workers have been, by and large, been successful in negotiating better pays and working conditions. The current model of growth is based upon the model of export blitzkrieg which, although has been yielding trailblazing results, has had a major Achilles heel in not being able to stimulate domestic consumption and one can safely presume that the fact has not escaped the attention of the politburo. While the author does not profess to possess any knowledge of the politburo members’ academic qualifications, there is little reason to believe that they are babes in the woods when it comes to fiscal foresight. In the event of a global economic meltdown, what will keep any economy ticking over is a robust domestic demand which can keep the smoke billowing out from the industrial chimneys.

  1. Better salaries and working conditions for workers

  2. Disinvestment of centrally held political powers to grassroots level

  3. Deregulation of economy from State held to private enterprise

  4. Single minded attention to economic reforms for the benefit of entire population

  5. Attention to a hitherto unaddressed part of mainstream economy


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

(1) Incorrect; the passage refers to both workers AND farmers. (2) Incorrect; political divestment is not the focus of the passage. (3) Incorrect; nowhere is it mentioned that industry has to be deregulated at the cost of State held industry. (4) Incorrect; single-minded devotion makes it an extreme option. (5) Correct; the focus needs to shift to domestic consumption fuelled by more spending power of the masses.

Why does the author say, 'Although official numbers contest these findings, they also do not paint a propitious scenario'?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

As the dragon country preens in the spotlight brought about by its fiscal policies that have catapulted it to the centre stage in global economics, additional proof of its newly founded ascendancy has been brought about by its superseding of Japan to officially become world’s second largest economy. What is causing heartburn to many jingoistic analysts and economists from other nations of the world stage is the knowledge that a large part of this leap in rankings has been brought about by the burgeoning exports that have brought along with them a huge hoard of precious foreign currency. It is indeed a marvel how the President, Hu Jin Tao is managing to keep such an impassive front when anyone else in his shoes would have been grinning like a Cheshire cat that has just polished off a huge bowl of cream. Perhaps he is just one of those unexpressive characters or maybe he is waiting to polish off the last few wrinkles on the fiscal face before breaking into a joyful jig. An indication of the latter came recently when the state media, in a statement released to the world media, stressed upon the need of, and the increasing focus of the ruling junta on more equitable distribution of wealth which would endeavor to include farmers and workers into the explosive growth story.

As of now, the unofficial figures state that the cream of the Chinese society makes approximately seventy times more money on year on year basis than the populace at the bottom of the pyramid. Althou gh official numbers contest these findings, they also do not paint a propitious scenario. The Premier, in his call to action, has been exhorting political and economic restructuring with the balance of the power shifting its centre of gravity ever so slightly in favor of the masses but his viewpoint is not finding many backers in the government and the bureaucracy because these two sections of the society, apart from the various large industrial manufacturing units, have benefited the most from the current polices. In spite of the strident objections, a few steps towards the process of deregulating the economy have come through a subtle and tacit approval of the worker’s strikes in the People’s Republic. Idealistically speaking, the workers own everything according to the party doctrine which precludes the need for them to ever resort to a tool-down strike but ground realities are rather different. However, recent incidents of workers going on strikes for pressing their demands for better salaries have not been met by disapproval from the authorities and the workers have been, by and large, been successful in negotiating better pays and working conditions. The current model of growth is based upon the model of export blitzkrieg which, although has been yielding trailblazing results, has had a major Achilles heel in not being able to stimulate domestic consumption and one can safely presume that the fact has not escaped the attention of the politburo. While the author does not profess to possess any knowledge of the politburo members’ academic qualifications, there is little reason to believe that they are babes in the woods when it comes to fiscal foresight. In the event of a global economic meltdown, what will keep any economy ticking over is a robust domestic demand which can keep the smoke billowing out from the industrial chimneys.

  1. To point out the inaccuracy in the reported numbers

  2. To imply that the ground reality is actually worse than reported

  3. To drive home a point about authorities doctoring the numbers

  4. To emphasize that lower certified figures aren't exactly cause for euphoria

  5. To contrast China's high figures with other developed economies


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

(1) Incorrect; there is no anecdotal evidence given to suggest that the figures are inflated. (2) Incorrect; the implication is actually quite opposite. (3) Incorrect; the author does not say anything which implies official complicity in manipulating numbers. (4) Correct; the author implies that even if official figures are taken to be sacrosanct, the ground realities remain unnerving and are a cause for concern. (5) Incorrect; there are no benchmarks to contrast the findings with.

Which of the following, if true, could best resolve the conflict of the argument?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

24-hour news channels provide round the clock news and news analysis, apart from sprinkling of entertainment. They have been doing roaring business and the number of channels has mushroomed. An increasing trend has recently been noticed where people switch on the news channels only to watch the headline news, after which they quickly change to entertainment or sports channels. The TRPs of these channels have not taken a nosedive, not yet in any case.

  1. The TRPs will come down subsequently.

  2. Almost all TV homes visit news channels one time or the other.

  3. The increasing competition among news channels is eating into their profits.

  4. Lucrative advertisements are placed close to the timings of transmission of headlines.

  5. The TRPs do not reflect the revenue earning of the channels.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

(1) Incorrect. Future cannot be predicted to be bleak when present is so healthy. Moreover, this only confirms the argument that the TRPs haven't taken a nosedive as of now. (2) Correct. In spite of people switching channels after hearing headline news, people keep tuning into news channels. This ensures regular and heavy viewership. (3) Incorrect. The argument is about the TRPs, not about profits. 'Eating into profits' may still mean handsome profits. (4) Incorrect. This only confirms the conclusion that the TRPs haven't taken a nosedive as of now. (5) Incorrect. The argument is about the TRPs, not about advertising revenues.

What is the inherent, if misplaced, assumption of CRT wholesalers?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

In a market study it was observed that for their homes people now prefer buying LCD screens to the old school CRT monitors. The drop in the sales of the CRT monitors and TV units is evidence that the future is dark for the CRT market. Last week the telecom ministry published a tender for more than 500 computer monitors. The CRT wholesalers sending their bids are very pessimistic about getting this order.

  1. The drop in the sales of CRT monitors is not seasonal.

  2. Computers are the chief source of entertainment in many homes.

  3. The telecom ministry makes its purchases only through tenders.

  4. CRT monitors and TV units are losing popularity in the rural market also.

  5. The preferences of the telecom ministry are similar to personal preferences for homes.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

(1) Incorrect. Even if CRT monitors demand is seasonal, the pessimism will still hold good because fall in seasonal demand means fall in total demand. (2) Incorrect. Home entertainment statistics are irrelevant. The argument is about LCD and CRT monitors, not about computers. (3) Incorrect. The mode of purchase is not the issue, the specification of purchase is, CRT monitor manufacturers have also submitted a tender. (4) Incorrect. This is additional, though irrelevant evidence, not an inherent assumption. (5) Correct. The evidence is home preference, the conclusion is general. This is flawed assumption because the requirements of the two would be quite different. This assumption is explicitly stated in (5). Only if the ministry prefers similar monitors to the ones they use at home and the general demand comes down, will the pessimism of CRT wholesalers still hold water?

Which of the following is most logically being conveyed by the argument above?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

English has become the Lingua Franca of the world. The countries where English was once considered to be a difficult language now promote it as the medium of education, thus adding to its acceptance all over the world. Earlier, on trips to various countries for work or pleasure, one would find it difficult to communicate with the natives. Now if you know how to read, write and speak English, you can travel to any part of the world and have no trouble talking to the local people.

  1. Natives comprise a very high proportion of the educated population in some countries.

  2. English is the medium of instruction in many eastern countries.

  3. In a large number of countries English education is not just limited to a few city schools.

  4. People traveling from non-English speaking countries rely on personal contact with natives.

  5. Reading, writing and speaking English is a practice introduced at the primary level.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

(1) Incorrect. The option uses a generic 'education', instead of use of English as a medium of education and communication. 'Some countries' also makes the option restrictive. (2) Incorrect. 'Many eastern countries' makes the option very restrictive. (3) Correct. The conclusion is that English has become very popular in many parts of the world. English cannot be called a world language if its education is limited to only a few city schools in most countries, and only a small fraction of the local people is conversant with the language. It follows that schools across the world are using/ teaching English as a language. (4) Incorrect. The argument states that there is no difficulty in communicating in English. It doesn't say whether travelers rely on personal contacts (as against interpreters). (5) Incorrect. It cannot be stated with certainty. English language might be getting introduced in schools at varying levels across the world.

Which of the following describes the organization of the passage?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

Fashion, much like the society that it is an integral part of, is an ever evolving organism with many interdependent and complemental roles and myriad rules that are assayed within the framework devised by the numerous constituents of the same. Over the ages, the mindset of allegedly the most intelligent race on the planet has been transfigured sometimes gleefully and with vociferous cries of ayes and at times grudgingly and involuntarily. The movement has sometimes found favor with the teeming multitudes while at others antagonizing a sizable component those that have to be dragged, kicking, screaming and protesting into accepting the writing on the wall about the impermanence of the order of things. What is meat and potatoes for someone turns into over fermented vinegar for others and herein lies both the rub and the beauty of the turn of events. The fifties and sixties were perhaps epitomized by the Wild West, the rough and ready apparel, the Blue Levis, the cocked hat and the loaded gun. People like Clint Eastwood, John Wayne and Gregory Peck came to be the vanguard of the cowboy tribe, the one of frequent brawls and infrequent baths. The seventies are known as ‘Swinging’ not without a legitimate cause. Suddenly, macho was not the only buzz word and with the advent of psychedelic hued clothes (would not be surprised at all if Hawaiian print shirts- the loud ones-made an appearance during this period), headbands, free and universal love, booze, drugs and aspirations of world peace, the fashion scene changed once again. In the backdrop of the ill-fated Vietnam War, it was the on screen rebels like James Dean, the celluloid Mafia dons like Marlon Brando and Al Pacino that stole the thunder and ruled the roost. Eighties saw the emergence of cult figures like the Ray-Ban adorned Tom Cruise, Nicholas Cage and Clark Kent as Superman- without the shades but with the addition of a cape. It is really surprising that both hot and cool mean similar things at times even when the trusted dictionary tells us that they are locked in mortal combat. Something that is rakish and swank can and does often turn dowdy faster than one can say the magic word - abracadabra! It is really nothing to get one’s knickers in a twist over when a fashion iconoclast like Farah Fawcett Majors is thought of to be so eighties now. The curl, the wave and the bang, made so famous by the Goldilocks evokes now a sigh of nostalgia in some and a whistle of disbelief in others. Alas, fashion, like the divas that represent it on the promenade, can hardly be called the cornerstone of reliability and dependability, changing moods with the speed and the fickleness of the earth changing moods, the chameleon changing colors, and most aptly, like the models who, in the time between one swirl on the stage and the next pirouette, change clothes so fast that one would be forgiven for harboring the belief that Superman must have taken lessons from them.

  1. Explanation of an extant process with irrelevant examples

  2. Explanation of an ongoing event with symbolic examples

  3. Critical appraisal of the fashion trends of different eras

  4. Commentary on how trends are dictated by icons of the day

  5. Mockery of the fickle nature of human beings


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

(1) Incorrect; the author describes the constancy of change with relevant examples of fashion trends. (2) Correct; the author describes human nature's affinity for change with symbolic examples from fashion trends. (3) Incorrect; the author mentions fashion trends without being critical of the same. (4) Incorrect; the passage describes how certain stars were  associated with certain fashion trends. However, it doesn't mention if they started the trend. (5) Incorrect; the tone of the passage is descriptive and analogy based but there is no hint of censure.

Select a sentence in the passage which hints that the vision of utopia might be flawed.

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

As the dragon country preens in the spotlight brought about by its fiscal policies that have catapulted it to the centre stage in global economics, additional proof of its newly founded ascendancy has been brought about by its superseding of Japan to officially become world’s second largest economy. What is causing heartburn to many jingoistic analysts and economists from other nations of the world stage is the knowledge that a large part of this leap in rankings has been brought about by the burgeoning exports that have brought along with them a huge hoard of precious foreign currency. It is indeed a marvel how the President, Hu Jin Tao is managing to keep such an impassive front when anyone else in his shoes would have been grinning like a Cheshire cat that has just polished off a huge bowl of cream. Perhaps he is just one of those unexpressive characters or maybe he is waiting to polish off the last few wrinkles on the fiscal face before breaking into a joyful jig. An indication of the latter came recently when the state media, in a statement released to the world media, stressed upon the need of, and the increasing focus of the ruling junta on more equitable distribution of wealth which would endeavor to include farmers and workers into the explosive growth story.

As of now, the unofficial figures state that the cream of the Chinese society makes approximately seventy times more money on year on year basis than the populace at the bottom of the pyramid. Althou gh official numbers contest these findings, they also do not paint a propitious scenario. The Premier, in his call to action, has been exhorting political and economic restructuring with the balance of the power shifting its centre of gravity ever so slightly in favor of the masses but his viewpoint is not finding many backers in the government and the bureaucracy because these two sections of the society, apart from the various large industrial manufacturing units, have benefited the most from the current polices. In spite of the strident objections, a few steps towards the process of deregulating the economy have come through a subtle and tacit approval of the worker’s strikes in the People’s Republic. Idealistically speaking, the workers own everything according to the party doctrine which precludes the need for them to ever resort to a tool-down strike but ground realities are rather different. However, recent incidents of workers going on strikes for pressing their demands for better salaries have not been met by disapproval from the authorities and the workers have been, by and large, been successful in negotiating better pays and working conditions. The current model of growth is based upon the model of export blitzkrieg which, although has been yielding trailblazing results, has had a major Achilles heel in not being able to stimulate domestic consumption and one can safely presume that the fact has not escaped the attention of the politburo. While the author does not profess to possess any knowledge of the politburo members’ academic qualifications, there is little reason to believe that they are babes in the woods when it comes to fiscal foresight. In the event of a global economic meltdown, what will keep any economy ticking over is a robust domestic demand which can keep the smoke billowing out from the industrial chimneys.

  1. As of now, the unofficial figures state that the cream of the Chinese society makes approximately seventy times more money on year on year basis than the populace at the bottom of the pyramid.

  2. Although official numbers contest these findings, they also do not paint a propitious scenario.

  3. The Premier, in his call to action, has been exhorting political and economic restructuring with the balance of the power shifting its centre of gravity ever so slightly in favor of the masses but his viewpoint is not finding many backers in the government and the bureaucracy because these two sections of the society, apart from the various large industrial manufacturing units, have benefited the most from the current polices.

  4. In spite of the strident objections, a few steps towards the process of deregulating the economy have come through a subtle and tacit approval of the worker's strikes in the People's Republic.

  5. Idealistically speaking, the workers own everything according to the party doctrine which precludes the need for them to ever resort to a tool-down strike but ground realities are rather different.

  6. However, recent incidents of workers going on strikes for pressing their demands for better salaries have not been met by disapproval from the authorities and the workers have been, by and large, been successful in negotiating better pays and working conditions.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

“Idealistically speaking, the workers own everything according to the party doctrine which precludes the need for them to ever resort to a tool-down strike but ground realities are rather different.”

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