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Molecular Biology and Genetics (GATE)

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Which of the following is a grievous genetic skin disease that causes thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis?

  1. Harlequin ichthyosis

  2. Cystic fibrosis

  3. Grönblad-Strandberg syndrome

  4. Congenital generalised lipodystrophy

  5. Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This option is correct. Harlequin ichthyosis is a grievous genetic skin disease that causes thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis.

Which of the following is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes unwanted blood vessel formation in skin, mucosa, lungs, liver and brain?

  1. Congenital generalised lipodystrophy

  2. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

  3. Osler-Weber-Rendu disease

  4. Hemochromatosis

  5. Malignant melanoma


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This option is correct. Osler-Weber-Rendu disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes unwanted blood vessel formation in the skin, mucosa, lungs, liver and brain.

Which of the following is the disorder of connective tissues in which the skin becomes inelastic and hangs loosely in folds?

  1. Keratosis follicularis

  2. Pachydermatocele

  3. Hailey-Hailey disease

  4. Ataxia telangiectasia

  5. Familial colorectal polyposis


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This option is correct. Pachydermatocele is the connective tissue disorder in which the skin becomes inelastic and hangs loosely in folds.

Which of the following is an exceedingly rare autosomal recessive disorder which causes oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding problems due to a thrombocyte's oddity and deposit of an unusual fat-protein compound?

  1. Wilson's disease

  2. Menkes syndrome

  3. Occipital horn syndrome

  4. Hornstein-Knickenberg syndrome

  5. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This option is correct. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is an exceedingly rare autosomal recessive disorder which causes oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding problems due to a thrombocyte's oddity and deposit of an unusual fat-protein compound.

Which of the following is a cutaneous condition that causes cystic and solid nodules to appear on the face?

  1. Brooke-Spiegler syndrome

  2. Papillon-League and Psaume syndrome

  3. Dermal eccrine cylindroma

  4. Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

  5. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This option is correct. Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a cutaneous condition that causes cystic and solid nodules to appear on the face.

Which of the following disorders causes abnormal thickening of the palms and soles and is associated with keratin 9 and keratin 16?

  1. HID syndrome

  2. KID syndrome

  3. Bart-Pumphrey syndrome

  4. Bart syndrome

  5. Vohwinkel syndrome


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This option is correct. Vohwinkel syndrome causes abnormal thickening of the palms and soles and is associated with keratin 9 and keratin 16.

Which of the following disorders is incorrectly described?

  1. Trichothiodystrophy - autosomal recessive inherited disorder that causes brittle hair

  2. Classical homocystinuria - inherited disorder of the metabolism of the methionine

  3. Familial melanoma syndrome - unusual nevi and multiple inherited melanomas

  4. Chédiak-Higashi syndrome - benign skin tumor derived from the hair matrix

  5. WHIM syndrome - congenital immunodeficiency disorder that causes chronic non-cyclic neutropenia


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This option is correct. Chédiak-Higashi syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder that arises due to mutation of a lysosomal trafficking regulator protein that causes decrease in phagocytosis.

Which of the following disorders causes unusual development of skin, hair, nails, dents and sudoriparous glands?

  1. Normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis

  2. Meige lymphedema

  3. Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome

  4. Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome

  5. Pachydermatocele


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This option is correct. Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome causes unusual development of skin, hair, nails, dents and sudoriparous glands.

Which of the following is a congenital neurological and skin disorder that is caused by somatic activating mutation that occurs in the GNAQ gene?

  1. Progressive osseous heteroplasia

  2. Sturge-Weber syndrome

  3. Plate-like osteoma cutis

  4. Port-wine stain

  5. Capillary hemangioma


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This option is correct. Sturge-Weber syndrome is a congenital neurological and skin disorder that is caused by somatic activating mutation that occurs in the GNAQ gene.

Match the following ||| |---|---| |List - I | List - II| |P. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome|1. Autosomal dominant disorder| |Q. Acrokeratosis verruciformis|2. X-linked recessive connective tissue disorder| |R. Louis-Bar syndrome|3. X-linked congenital disorder| |S. Orofaciodigital syndrome 1|4. Autosomal recessive disorder|

  1. P - 2, Q - 1, R - 4, S - 3

  2. P - 4, Q - 1, R - 2, S - 3

  3. P - 2, Q - 3, R - 4, S - 1

  4. P - 3, Q - 2, R - 1, S - 4

  5. P - 4, Q - 2, R - 3, S - 1


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This option is correct. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is an X-linked recessive connective tissue disorder. Acrokeratosis verruciformis is an autosomal dominant disorder. Louis-Bar syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder. Orofaciodigital syndrome 1 is an X-linked congenital disorder.

 

Which of the following disorders causes abnormalities of the ectodermal structure?

  1. Dark dot disease

  2. Pachyonychia congenita

  3. Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis

  4. Ectodermal dysplasia

  5. White sponge nevus


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This option is correct. Ectodermal dysplasia causes abnormalities of the ectodermal structure.

Match the following:

 
Column - I Column - II
P. Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome 1. Rare recessive genetic disorder of skin with poor wound healing
Q. Urbach-Wiethe disease 2. Autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a connexin gene, GJB6/connexin-30
R. Mendes da Costa syndrome 3. Rare progressive congenital disorder with a highly variable phenotype
S. Clouston syndrome 4. Rare genetic lysosomal storage disease, inherited in an X-linked manner
5. Rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by the mutations in genes encoding for connexin channels proteins in the epidermis
  1. P - 3, Q - 1, R - 5, S - 2

  2. P - 5, Q - 1, R - 4, S - 2

  3. P - 3, Q - 4, R - 5, S - 2

  4. P - 2, Q - 3, R - 4, S - 1

  5. P - 1, Q - 4, R - 5, S - 3


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Correct answer. Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome is a rare progressive congenital disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Urbach-Wiethe disease is a rare recessive genetic disorder of skin with poor wound healing. Mendes da Costa syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by the mutations in genes encoding for connexin channels proteins in the epidermis. Clouston syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a connexin gene, GJB6/connexin-30.  

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that causes varying degrees of deafness, minor defects in structures and pigmentation inconsistencies?

  1. Witkop syndrome

  2. Griscelli syndrome

  3. Waardenburg syndrome

  4. Neurofibromatosis type I

  5. Ichthyosis hystrix


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This option is correct. Waardenburg syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes varying degrees of deafness, minor defects in structures and pigmentation inconsistencies.

Which of the following is a rare congenital disorder of the skin that is caused by a mutation in the KIND1 gene?

  1. Kindler syndrome

  2. Mastocytosis

  3. Spitz's juvenile melanoma

  4. Piebaldism

  5. Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This option is correct. Kindler syndrome is a rare congenital disorder of the skin that is caused by a mutation in the KIND1 gene.

Which of the following is a rare form of lipodystrophy that affects the head and then, spreads to the thorax?

  1. Nail-patella syndrome

  2. Köbberling-Dunnigan syndrome

  3. Barraquer-Simons syndrome

  4. Muir-Torre syndrome

  5. Wermer's syndrome


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This option is correct. Barraquer-Simons syndrome is a rare form of lipodystrophy that affects the head and then, spreads to the thorax.

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