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Important Macromolecules, Enzymes and Metabolites of...

Description: This test will help the students to revise the topic biomolecules as it contains questions from various topics like enzymes,metabolites and other macro molecules.
Number of Questions: 40
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Tags: Primary and Secondary metabolites Chemical Reactions involving Enzymes Secondary Metabolites Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates Metabolites in Human
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Which of the following statements regrading enzyme catalysis is INCORRECT?

  1. The mechanism of enzyme catalysis is similar in principle to other types of chemical catalysis.

  2. Enzymes provide an alternative reaction route.

  3. The induced fit model proposes that the initial interaction between the enzyme and the substrate is very strong.

  4. The advantages of the induced fit mechanism arise due to the stabilising effect of strong enzyme binding.

  5. Saturated enzymes have a high affinity substrate binding capacity.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The favoured model for the enzyme-substrate interaction is the induced fit model. This model proposes that the initial interaction between the enzyme and the substrate is relatively weak.

The active metabolite of paracetamol is

  1. benzoylecgonine

  2. AM404

  3. calcitroic acid

  4. ethanol

  5. methanol


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

AM404 is an active metabolite of paracetamol.

The amino acid which has a fat-dissolving effect is

  1. taurine

  2. ornithine

  3. methionine

  4. carnitine

  5. arginine


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Methionine plays an important role in the synthesis of other proteins.

The enzyme responsible for the pungent odour of sulphur compounds is

  1. aldolase

  2. triose phosphate isomerase

  3. trypsin

  4. cellulase

  5. alliinase


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Alliinase is responsible for catalysing chemical reactions that produce the volatile chemicals that give odours and tear-inducing properties.

Which of the following is the chief metabolite of bupropion?

  1. Hydroxybupropion

  2. Hydroxycarteolol

  3. Kynurenine

  4. 3-Methoxymorphinan

  5. Seproxetine


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hydroxybupropion is the major active metabolite of the antidepressant and smoking cessation drug bupropion.

The fatty acid found in cerebroside is

  1. gamma-linolenic acid

  2. stearidonic acid

  3. α-linolenic acid

  4. lignoceric acid

  5. paullinic acid


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Lignoceric acid is a saturated fatty acid.

Which of the following statements regarding metabolites is INCORRECT?

  1. Alcohol is a primary metabolite.

  2. The metabolome forms a large network of metabolic reactions.

  3. The rate of degradation of a metabolite is an important determinant of the duration and intensity of its action.

  4. Some antibiotics use sceondary metabolites as precursors.

  5. A secondary metabolite has an important ecological function.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Some antibiotics use primary metabolites as precursors.

The fatty acid having antimicrobial pesticide properties is

  1. heptanoic acid

  2. caprylic acid

  3. nonanoic acid

  4. lauric acid

  5. tridecylic acid


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Caprylic acid is used commercially in the production of esters.

Which of the following statements does NOT characterise triglycerides?

  1. Human brain cannot utilise fatty acids as an energy source.

  2. Liver cells can synthesise and store triglycerides.

  3. The triglycerides form chylomicrons.

  4. The process lipolysis takes place in the intestine.

  5. In triglyceride form, lipids cannot be absorbed by jejunum.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

 In triglyceride form, lipids cannot be absorbed by the duodenum.

The fatty acid which forms the glycerides of human adipose tissue is

  1. hexanoic acid

  2. valeric acid

  3. butyric acid

  4. propanoic acid

  5. palmitoleic acid


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Palmitoleic acid is a common constituent of the glycerides of human adipose tissue.

Which of the following is a precursor of lysine in the alpha-aminoadipate pathway?

  1. Saccharopine

  2. Allysine

  3. α-Aminoadipic acid

  4. α-Ketoadipic acid

  5. Isovaleryl-coenzyme A


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Saccharopine is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acid lysine.

An enzyme associated with neutrophil granulocytes in human blood is

  1. cytochrome c oxidase

  2. peroxidase

  3. myeloperoxidase

  4. guanylate cyclase

  5. colipase


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Myeloperoxidase is most abundantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes.

Which of the following is an intermediate in the metabolism of valine?

  1. Glutaryl-coenzyme A

  2. Glutaconyl-CoA

  3. Crotonyl-coenzyme A

  4. Isobutyryl-coenzyme A

  5. Methacrylyl-CoA


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Methacrylyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of valine.

The metabolite observed in a huge amount in the plasma and urine of people suffering from malignant melanoma is

  1. carboxycyclophosphamide

  2. cysteinyldopa

  3. dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate

  4. desmethylsertraline

  5. desvenlafaxine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cysteinyldopa is a catecholamine. Excessive cysteinyldopa in plasma and urine has been linked to malignant melanoma.

Which of the following statements does NOT characterise unsaturated fats?

  1. Meat products contain both saturated and unsaturated fats.

  2. Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats helps to lower the levels of total cholesterol in human beings.

  3. Unsaturated chains have a lower melting point.

  4. Unsaturated fats are popular with manufacturers of processed foods.

  5. Double bonds may be either in a cis or a trans isomer.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Saturated fats are popular with manufacturers of processed foods.

Which of the following fatty acids integrates into the phospholipid bilayer of mammalian cells?

  1. Rumenic acid

  2. α-Parinaric acid

  3. Oleic acid

  4. Punicic acid

  5. Nervonic acid


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

α-Parinaric acid occurs naturally in the seeds of makita tree.

The fatty acid obtained from pomegranate seed oil is

  1. nervonic acid

  2. punicic acid

  3. oleic acid

  4. α-Parinaric acid

  5. rumenic acid


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Punicic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid.

The fatty acid found in seeds and nuts is

  1. α-linolenic acid

  2. dihomo-γ-linolenic acid

  3. eicosapentaenoic acid

  4. linoleic acid

  5. gamma-linolenic acid


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

α-Linolenic acid is an essential omega-3 fatty acid found in seeds, nuts and many common vegetable oils.

The enzyme obtained from the venom of the Indian saw-scaled viper is

  1. ligninase

  2. lactonase

  3. ecarin

  4. mucunain

  5. expansin


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ecarin is derived from the venom of the Indian saw-scaled viper.

The enzyme participating in bile acid biosynthesis is

  1. trypsinogen

  2. chymotrypsinogen

  3. sterol esterase

  4. phospholipase D

  5. pancreatic lipase


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This enzyme participates in bile acid biosynthesis.

Which of the following metabolites regulates the 'rest and digest' activity of the glands in human body?

  1. Hyoscyamine

  2. Atropine

  3. Cocaine

  4. Scopolamine

  5. Codeine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Atropine is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.

Which of the following amino acids plays a vital role in healing wounds?

  1. Asparagines

  2. Cystine

  3. Glutamine

  4. Glycine

  5. Cysteine


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

It acts as a neurotransmitter and plays a vital role in healing wounds.

What type of lipids are carotenoids?

  1. Sterol lipids

  2. Prenol lipids

  3. Sphingolipids

  4. Glycerolipids

  5. Glycerophospholipids


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Prenol lipids are synthesised from the five-carbon-unit precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. Carotenoids are important simple isoprenoids that function as antioxidants and as precursors of vitamin A.

Which of the following monosaccharides is a constituent of some glycoprotein hormones including follicle-stimulating hormone?

  1. Galactosamine

  2. Glucosamine

  3. Sialic acids

  4. N-Acetylglucosamine

  5. Sulfoquinovose


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Galactosamine is a constituent of some glycoprotein hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Which type of protein is the egg albumin?

  1. Phosphoprotein

  2. Glycoprotein

  3. Lipoprotein

  4. Chromoprotein

  5. Nucleoprotein


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Glycoproteins contain carbohydrates as the prosthetic group.

The sugar present in honey and sweet potato starch is

  1. melibiose

  2. sophorose

  3. nigerose

  4. kojibiose

  5. lactulose


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Kojibiose is a disaccharide. It is a product of the caramelisation of glucose.

Which of the following fatty acids stimulates the activation of new platelets in case of an injury?

  1. Docosahexaenoic acid

  2. Arachidonic acid

  3. Thromboxane A2

  4. Leukotrienes

  5. Prostaglandins


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

It stimulates activation of new platelets.

Brush border enzyme is a common name for

  1. lactase

  2. motilin

  3. gastric inhibitory peptide

  4. cholecystokinin

  5. secretin


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is a significant brush border enzyme.

In which of the following lipid molecules are both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends present?

  1. Phospholipids

  2. Steroids

  3. Waxes

  4. Saccharolipids

  5. Polyketides


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

 Phospholipids are unique because they have a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic  end.

_________ is secreted by the stomach and destroys bacteria and viruses.

  1. Gastric Lipase

  2. Gastrin

  3. Mucin

  4. Intrinsic factor

  5. Pepsin


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The stomach has a priority to destroy the bacteria and viruses using its highly acidic environment.

The metabolite used to detect oxidative enzymes in the body is

  1. gentisic acid

  2. urolithins

  3. homovanillic acid

  4. 1-hydroxyphenanthrene

  5. vanillyl mandelic acid


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Homovanillic acid is a major catecholamine metabolite.

______ is commonly known as vitamin P.

  1. Atropine

  2. Flavonoids

  3. Phytic acid

  4. Gossypol

  5. Carotenoids


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Flavonoids are also known as vitamin P or citrin.

Which of the following is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism?

  1. Metalloendopeptidase

  2. Urease

  3. Arginase

  4. Adenosine deaminase

  5. Nitrilase


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism.

Which enzyme in bacteria is responsible for opening the replication fork during DNA replication?

  1. Kynureninase

  2. ATP synthase

  3. Transmembrane ATPases

  4. RecQ helicase

  5. DnaB helicase


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

DnaB helicase is an enzyme in bacteria which opens the replication fork during DNA replication.

Which of the following proteins contains armadillo repeat?

  1. Gelsolin

  2. Gamma-catenin

  3. Delta-2-catenin

  4. Alpha-catenin

  5. Beta-catenin


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This protein is a member of the catenin family.

The protein present in the blood plasma of many annelids is

  1. neuroglobin

  2. myoglobin

  3. cytoglobin

  4. haemoglobin

  5. chlorocruorin


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Chlorocruorin is an oxygen-binding hemeprotein present in the blood plasma of many annelids.

Which of the following is a secondary metabolite present in neem seeds?

  1. Cycloartenol

  2. Tetrahydrocannabinol

  3. Artemisinin

  4. Azadirachtin

  5. Psilocin


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

 It is a highly oxidised tetranortriterpenoid.

Which of the following statements does NOT characterise enzymes?

  1. The two-dimensional structure of the enzyme determines the appearance of the active site.

  2. No two enzymes are alike.

  3. The arrangement of amino acids determines the enzyme's function.

  4. Enzymes are regarded as the environmentally friendly solution to industrial problems.

  5. Enzymes neither live nor die.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three-dimensional structure of the enzyme determines the appearance of the active site.

During pregnancy, mammals undergo increase in the levels of

  1. lactase

  2. β-galactosidase

  3. chitinase

  4. sucrase

  5. amylases


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The levels increase in pregnancy/lactation and diabetes.

The plant metabolite found in dandelion coffee is

  1. amygdalin

  2. dhurrin

  3. linamarin

  4. lotaustralin

  5. prunasin


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Prunasin is also found in dandelion coffee.

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