Directions: In the question below, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and labelled B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in a proper order. Choose the correct combination from the given alternatives.

1. The atmosphere of Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the planetary ecosystem. B. Dry air consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and other inert gases, such as carbon dioxide. C. The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases, among which are the greenhouse gases such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. D. The thin layer of gases that envelops Earth is held in place by the planet's gravity and is called air. E. Filtered air includes trace amounts of many other chemical compounds.
2. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapour and suspensions of water droplets and ice crystals seen as clouds.

Directions: In the question below, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in a proper order. Choose the correct combination from the given alternatives.

1. The video game industry began in 1971 with the release of the arcade game, Computer Space. B. Inspired by this success, the same year saw the introduction of video games to the home market with the release of the early video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey. C. The crash eventually came to an end with the success of Taito's Space Invaders, paving the way for the golden age of video arcade games. D. The following year, Atari, Inc. released the first commercially successful video game, Pong, the original arcade version of which sold over 19,000 arcade cabinets. E. However, both the arcade and home markets would be dominated by Pong clones, which flooded the market and led to the video game crash of 1977.
2. The game's success inspired arcade machines to become prevalent in mainstream locations such as shopping malls, traditional storefronts, restaurants and convenience stores during the golden age.

Directions: In the question below, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in a proper order. Choose the correct combination from the given alternatives.

1. While smiling is perceived as a positive emotion most of the time, there are many cultures that perceive smiling as a negative expression and consider it unwelcoming. B. Japanese people may smile when they are confused or angry. C. In other parts of Asia, people may smile when they are embarrassed. A smile may be reserved for close friends and family members. D. As many people in the former Soviet Union area consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even suspicious behaviour. E. Too much smiling can be viewed as a sign of shallowness or dishonesty.
2. Whereas smiling freely is far more prevalent in Europe.

Directions: In the question below, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in a proper order. Choose the correct combination from the given alternatives.

1. Recreational and sport fishing are fishing primarily for pleasure or competition. B. Typically, these prohibit the use of nets and the catching of fish with hooks not in the mouth. C. The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits or lures such as artificial flies. D. But recreational fishing has conventions, rules, licensing restrictions and laws that limit the way in which fish may be caught. E. The practice of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook is generally known as angling.
2. In angling, it is sometimes expected or required that fish be returned to the water (catch and release).

Directions: In the question below, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in a proper order. Choose the correct combination from the given alternatives.

1. Relative to the history of life, human languages have existed on the earth for only a few thousand years. B. As in all information systems, errors can easily creep into the system, especially at the beginning of its development. C. It should not come to any surprise that our language and thought processes may contain errors, delusions and beliefs. D. This is a flash of an instant compared to the millions of years of evolution. E. It should come as no surprise that language takes time to develop into a useful means of communication.
2. It would behoove us to find and attempt to deal with these language errors and become aware of their dangers.

Directions: In the question below, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in a proper order. Choose the correct combination from the given alternatives.

1. In the ancient times, during the celebration of the games, an Olympic Truce was enacted so that athletes could travel from their countries to the games in safety. B. Politicians would announce political alliances at the games, and in times of war, priests would offer sacrifices to the gods for victory. C. In those days, the prizes for the victors were olive leaf wreaths or crowns. D. The games became a political tool used by city-states to assert dominance over their rivals. E. The Olympics also featured religious celebrations and artistic competitions.
2. Sculptors and poets would congregate at each Olympiad to display their works of art to would-be patrons. The statue of Zeus at Olympia was counted as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

Directions: In the question below, the 1^st and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in the proper order. Choose the correct combination among the four alternatives given.

1. Sea Lion Park opened in 1895 at Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York City with an aquatic show featuring 40 sea lions. B. It was initially a large water tank used to exhibit marine mammals for filming underwater movies and only became later a public attraction. C. The second marine mammal park, then called an oceanarium, was established in St. Augustine, Florida in 1938. D. It closed in 1903. E. Then, there was a barren period of almost three and a half decades.
2. Today, Marineland of Florida claims to be "the world’s first oceanarium".

Directions: In this question, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences of a passage are numbered 1 and 6. The rest of the passage is split into four parts named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in the proper order. Choose the correct combination among the four alternatives given.

1. Old-Time Radio (OTR) and the Golden Age of Radio refer to a period of radio programming lasting from commercial radio's introduction in the early 1920s to its replacement in the late 1950s and early 1960s by television as the dominant home entertainment medium. B. During this period, when radio was dominant and the airwaves were filled with a variety of radio formats and genres, people regularly tuned in to their favourite radio programs. C. The end of this period coincided with music radio becoming the dominant radio form and is often marked by the final CBS broadcasts of Suspense and Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar on September 30, 1962. D. In fact, according to a 1947 C. E. Hooper survey, 82 out of 100 Americans were found to be radio listeners. E. Radio content in the Golden Age of Radio had its origins in audio theatre.
2. Audio theatre began in the 1880s and 1890s with audio recordings of musical acts and other vaudeville.

Directions: In this question, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences of a passage are numbered 1 and 6. The rest of the passage is split into four parts named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in the proper order. Choose the correct combination among the four alternatives given.

1. Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals. B. The polyps belong to a group of animals known as Cnidaria, which also includes sea anemones and jellyfish. C. Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients. D. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups. E. Unlike sea anemones, corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons, which support and protect the coral polyps.
2. Reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated waters.

Directions: In the question below, the 1^st and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in the proper order. Choose the correct combination among the four alternatives given.

1. The next morning, the grandmother was the first one in the car, ready to go. B. She didn't intend for the cat to be left alone in the house because she was afraid he might brush against one of her gas burners and accidentally asphyxiate himself. C. She had her big black valise and underneath it, she was hiding a basket with Tom, the cat, in it. D. She sat in the middle of the back seat with John. E. Finally, they were on their way to the motel.
2. But her son, Bailey, didn't like to arrive at the motel with a cat.

Directions: In the question below, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6. The rest of the passage is split into four parts labelled B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in the proper order. Choose the correct combination among the four alternatives mentioned to give the correct order.

1. As science fiction established in the early 20^th century, destinations such as the Moon, Mars, Venus, and other bodies within the Solar System began to seem stale. B. This tendency became predominant once the exploration of the Solar System was complete enough to conclusively demonstrate the unlikelihood of any highly developed form of extraterrestrial life here. C. Authors invoked a variety of mechanisms for superluminal travel and placed their stories on worlds in planetary systems around other stars. D. This was an innovation that gave them the freedom to construct exotic fictional planets and themes. E. Although some of the stars named in works of science fiction are purely imaginary.
2. Yet many authors and artists have preferred to use the names of real stars that are well known to astronomers, and indeed the lay public.

Directions: In the question below, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in the proper order. Choose the correct combination from among the given alternatives.1. Chomsky says that all children have what is called an innate language acquisition device (LAD). B. Theoretically, the LAD is an area of the brain that has a set of universal syntactic rules for all languages. C. His claim is based upon the view that what children hear - their linguistic input - is insufficient to explain how they come to learn language. D. This device provides children with the ability to construct novel sentences using learned vocabulary. E. Chomsky argues that linguistic input from the environment is limited and full of errors.

1. Therefore, nativists assume that it is impossible for children to learn linguistic information solely from their environment.

Directions: In the question below, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in the proper order. Choose the correct combination from among the given alternatives.

1. The term "Global Village" can be used to describe the Internet and World Wide Web. B. Social spheres are greatly expanded by the openness of the web and the ease with which people can search for online communities and interact with others who share the same interests and concerns. C. Increased speed of communication and the ability of people to read and react to global news quickly, force us to be more aware of our global responsibilities. D. On the Internet, physical distance is less of a hindrance to the real-time communicative activities of people. E. Therefore, this technology fosters the idea of a conglomerate yet unified global community.
2. According to McLuhan, the enhanced "electric speed in bringing all social and political functions together in a sudden implosion has heightened human awareness of responsibility to an intense degree".

Directions: In the question below, the first and the last (correctly ordered) sentences are numbered 1 and 6. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named B, C, D and E. These four parts are not given in the proper order. Choose the correct combination among the four alternatives mentioned to give the correct order.

1. The oldest, man-hauled railways date back to the 6^th century B.C, with Periander, one of the Seven Sages of Greece, credited with its invention. B. Also, railways reduced the costs of shipping and allowed for fewer lost goods, compared with shipping, which faced occasional sinking of ships. C. With steam engines, it was possible to construct mainline railways, which were a key component of the industrial revolution. D. The change from canals to railways allowed for "national markets" in which prices varied very little from city to city. E. Rail transport blossomed after the British development of the steam locomotive as a viable source of power in the 18^th and 19^th centuries.
2. Studies have shown that the invention and development of the railway in Europe was one of the most important technological inventions.