Hematocele is an effusion of blood into the tunica vaginalis of testis.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a congenital genetic disorder causing genetic males to behave like females, due to the inability to utilise androgens.

Abnormal curvature of penis is observed in Peyronie's disease due to chronic inflammation of the tunica albuginea.

A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus in the male spermatic cord. It is one of the main causes of male infertility.

In testicular microlithiasis, five or more echogenic foci per view in either or both testes are observed. The actual cause of testicular microlithasis is unknown. It may be a reason of tesicular cancer in some individuals.

Kallmann syndrome is an example of secondary hypogonadism. 

Secondary vaginismus is often associated with childbirth trauma.

Non-cancerous enlargement of one or both breasts in males due to too much production of estrogen is known as gynaecomastia.

In sexual anhedonia, an individual cannot feel pleasure from an orgasm. It is thought to be a variant of hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

Dysmenorrhoea is the lower abdominal pain and discomfort experienced just before or during menstruation.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection appears to be involved in the development of more than 90% of cases of cervical cancer.

In endometriosis, the lining of the uterus grows in other places (ovaries) and causes cysts, heavy periods, severe cramps or even infertility.

Coagulase positive staphylococci are not involved in causing PID.

In phimosis, the foreskin of penis is tight or has a very small opening at the tip preventing it from retracting over the head of the penis. This may be present from birth or result from scarring of the penile tissue due to recurrent episodes of balanitis in adulthood.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a condition in which certain changes occur in surface cells of the cervix that may become cancerous later. CIN itself is not cancerous but can lead to cancer.