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Molecular Biology and Genetics (GATE)

Description: GATE
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: GATE Cancer Molecular biology Molecular Basis of Genetic Diseases and Applications
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Which of the following cancers is caused by a rapid growth of abnormal WBCs, which accumulate in the bone marrow?

  1. Acute myeloid leukemia

  2. Anal cancer

  3. Astrocytoma

  4. Brainstem glioma

  5. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This option is correct. Acute myeloid leukemia is a cancer of the myeloid and is caused by a rapid growth of abnormal WBCs, which accumulate in the bone marrow.

Which of the following is a cancer of the circulatory system, especially B-cells of WBC that are found in germinal center?

  1. Burkitt's tumor

  2. Pilocytic astrocytoma

  3. Brainstem glioma

  4. Osteosarcoma

  5. Basal cell carcinoma


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This option is correct. Burkitt's tumor is a cancer of the circulatory system, especially B-cells of WBC that are found in germinal center.

Which of the following cancers arises in the cerebellum, near the posterior part of the brain and includes the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord?

  1. Basalioma

  2. Medulloblastoma

  3. Pilocytic astrocytoma

  4. Ependymoma

  5. Breast cancer


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This option is correct. Pilocytic astrocytoma arises in the cerebellum, near the posterior part of the brain and includes the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord.

Which of the following is a neuroendocrine tumor that originates in the cells of the neuroendocrine system?

  1. Carcinoid

  2. Esophageal cancer

  3. Extragonadal germ cell tumor

  4. Intraocular melanoma

  5. Ewing's sarcoma


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This option is correct. Carcinoid is a neuroendocrine tumor that originates in the cells of the neuroendocrine system.

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about endometrial cancer?

  1. It is an abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to spread to other parts of the body.
  2. It is allied with exorbitant androgen unveiling, low blood pressure and diabetes.
  3. Polycystic ovary syndrome, which causes irregular or no ovulation, is associated with a higher rate of endometrial cancer.
  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. Only 1 and 2

  5. Only 1 and 3


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This option is correct. Endometrial cancer is allied with exorbitant estrogen unveiling, high blood pressure and diabetes.

Which of the following is a squamous cell cancer that develops in the outer portion of the female genitals?

  1. Vulvar cancer

  2. Vaginal cancer

  3. Glioma

  4. Urethral cancer

  5. Uterine cancer


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This option is correct. Vulvar cancer is a progressive growth in the outer portion of the female genitals.

Which of the following is an invasive and highly damning form of cancer that develops from striated muscle tissues?

  1. Bowel cancer

  2. Melanoma

  3. Myeloid leukemia

  4. Malignant hepatoma

  5. Rhabdomyosarcoma


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This option is correct. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancer that arises from striated muscle tissues.

Which of the following statements is/are false?

P. Esophageal cancer arises in the food pipe and gullet. Q. Most laryngeal cancers originate in the glottis. R. Many males with breast cancer have not inherited a BRCA mutation.

  1. Only P

  2. Only Q

  3. Only R

  4. Only P and Q

  5. Only Q and R


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This option is correct. Many males with breast cancer have inherited a BRCA mutation.

Which of the following is a pregnancy-related tumor and appears when cells in the womb start to procreate uncontrollably?

  1. Thymoma

  2. Gestational trophoblastic disease

  3. Thymic carcinoma

  4. Testicular cancer

  5. Neuroectodermal tumor


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This option is correct. Gestational trophoblastic disease is a pregnancy-related tumor and appears when cells in the womb start to procreate uncontrollably.

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about oral cancer?

A. It arises as a primary lesion that originates in any of the tissues in the mouth by metastasis. B. Oncogenes are activated as a result of mutation of the DNA. C. Most oral cancers look very similar under the microscope and are called thymic cell carcinoma.

  1. Only A

  2. Only B

  3. Only C

  4. Only A and B

  5. Only B and C


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This option is correct. Most oral cancers look very similar under the microscope and are called squamous cell carcinoma.

Which of the following cancers originate(s) in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule?

  1. Transitional cell carcinoma
  2. Renal cell carcinoma
  3. Retinoblastoma
  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. Only 1 and 2

  5. Only 2 and 3


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This option is correct. Renal cell carcinoma is a cancer of the kidney that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule.

Which of the following pairs of 'cancer - its place of origin' is incorrectly matched?

  1. Uveal melanoma - eye

  2. Oligodendrogliomas - brain

  3. Adrenocortical carcinoma - cortex

  4. Desmoplastic small round-cell tumor - cervix

  5. Oral cancer - cancer of the lips, tongue, cheeks and floor of the mouth


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This option is correct. Desmoplastic small round-cell tumor is an abdominal cancer.

Which of the following cancers originate(s) in the bone marrow, develop(s) in the lymphatic system and normally fight(s) infection by producing antibodies?

  1. Chronic lymphoid leukemia
  2. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
  3. Intraocular melanoma
  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. Only 1 and 2

  5. Only 2 and 3


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This option is correct. Chronic lymphoid leukemia originates in the bone marrow, develops in the lymphatic system and normally fights infection by producing antibodies.

Match the following.

 
Column – I Column – II
P. Esophageal cancer 1. Bile ducts
Q. Wilms' tumor 2. Epithelial cells
R. Cholangiocarcinoma 3. Food pipe and gullet
S. Carcinoma 4. Kidneys
  1. P - 4, Q - 3, R - 2, S - 1

  2. P - 3, Q - 4, R - 1, S - 2

  3. P - 1, Q - 3, R - 2, S - 4

  4. P - 2, Q - 4, R - 3, S - 1

  5. P - 2, Q - 3, R - 4, S - 1


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This option is correct. Esophageal cancer originates in the food pipe and gullet. Wilms' tumor originates in the kidneys. Cholangiocarcinoma originates in the bile ducts. Carcinoma originates in the epithelial cells.  

Which of the following pairs of 'cancer - its description' is incorrectly matched?

  1. Appendiceal cancer - malignancies of the vermiform appendix

  2. Cholangiocarcinoma - bile ducts which drain bile from the liver into the small intestine

  3. Adenoma - tumor of the epithelial tissue with glandular origin

  4. Carcinoid tumor - enterochromaffin cells throughout the gut

  5. Chronic myelogenous leukemia- primary intracranial tumor appearing mostly in patients with severe immunosuppression


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Correct Answer: Chronic myelogenous - primary intracranial tumor appearing mostly in patients with severe immunosuppression

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