Microsoft Windows

iOS

Linux

Unix

Macintosh

1000 bytes

1 billion bytes

1 million bytes

1 trillion bytes

1 quadrillion bytes

.bat

.rtf

.wav

.csv

.htm

freeware software

shareware software

commercial software

subscription-based software

private software

Protection Test Unit (PTU)

Control Unit (CU)

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

Floating Point Unit (FPU)

Memory Management Unit (MMU)

It provides an interface between the hardware of the PC and its software.

It boots the computer.

It validates the PC’s configuration.

It is a memory (RAM) keeping a group of routines needed to control system devices.

BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System.

Built into the CPU and are used to temporarily hold the data, addresses, and instructions being passed around between the CPU’s components.

Decodes incoming instructions to their simplest form.

Supervises the transfer of data over the bus system between the other components of the computer and the CPU.

Handles the addressing and cataloging of where data is stored in system memory.

This unit preloads the instruction registers of the CPU with instructions from memory whenever the BIU is idle.

RAM stands for Random access memory.

RAM is a non-volatile memory.

RAM stores data temporarily.

It has higher capacity (Mbytes), cheaper and slower than Caché.

RAM is a group of integrated circuits (ICs or chips) that contain small electronic components (called capacitors) that store binary 1s and 0s.

For storing numeric values and addresses, we need 16 to 64 bits.

For storing about one page of double-spaced text, we need 1 thousand bytes.

For storing just about all the libraries in the U.S., we need 1 quadrillion bytes.

For storing An entire library, we need 1 trillion bytes.

Gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion bytes For storing 1,000 short books, we need 1 million bytes.

Parameter RAM (PRAM)

Pseudo-Static RAM (PSRAM)

Video RAM (VRAM)

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

Static RAM (SRAM)

Tracks

Sectors

Cylinder

Spindle

Cluster

Disk platter

FC-AL [Fiber Channel-Arbitrated Loop]

Bezel

Logic board

Air filter

Arithmetic and light unit

Arithmetic and logic unit

Absolute logic unit

Absolute light unit

Absolute load unit

disk capacity

data access time

access time

data transfer rate

seek time

MS Office

MP3 music

Audio (WAV)

Multimedia e-mail

Business/financial software

Megahertz

Mega bit per second

Dot pitch

Megabytes

Kilogram

100–350 MB

2–5 MB

100 MB–10 GB

2 MB–1 GB

30–70 MB

Motherborad

Operating system

Monitor

CPU

RAM

Lightpen

Printer

Joystick

USB

Scanner

CD stands for compact disk.

The capacity of CD is 640 MB.

The recording time of CD is 74 minutes.

The transfer rate of a CD is 9.6 Mbps.

The maximum sampling rate of CD is 44.1 kHZ.

Scanner

Digital camera

Keyboard

Trackball

Monitor

Insert, Delete, Home, End and Page Up and Page Down keys

Left, Up, Down and Right keys

Esc, Pause/Break, Prt Sc/Sys Rq keys

Ctrl and Alt keys

Spacebar and the Tab keys

Mouse

Printer

CD

Motherboard

Keyboard

It opens the 'Find Files' or 'Folders' dialog box.

It opens the 'Find Computer' dialog box.

It opens the 'System Properties' window.

It restores all current windows.

It cycles through the 'Taskbar' applications.

Ball

Roller

Optical encoding disk

PS/2

Infrared LED and sensor