Clark must have known that his sister Janet and not the governess pulled the trigger, but he silently stood by while the jury convicted the governess. Any person of clear conscience would have felt terrible for not having come forward with the information about his sister, and Clark lived with that information until his death 30 years later. Since he was an extremely happy man, however, I conclude that he must have helped Janet commit the crime. Which of the following assumptions must underlie the author's conclusion in the last sentence?

Politicians are primarily concerned with their own survival; artists are concerned with revealing truth. Of course, the difference in their reactions is readily predictable. For example, while the governmental leaders wrote laws to ensure the triumph of industrialization in Western Europe, artists painted, wrote about, and composed music in response to the horrible conditions created by the Industrial Revolution. Only later did political leaders come to see what the artists had immediately perceived, and then only through a dark glass. Experience teaches us that___________.

Which of the following represents the most critical continuation of the passage?

There is something irrational about our system of laws. The criminal law punishes a person more severely for having successfully committed a crime than it does a person who fails in his attempt to commit the same crime even though the same evil intention is present in both cases. But under the civil law a person who attempts to defraud his victim but is unsuccessful is not required to pay damages. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author's argument?

It is a well-documented fact that for all teenage couples who marry, the marriages of those who do not have children in the first year of their marriage survive more than twice as long as the marriages of those teenage couples in which the wife does give birth within the first 12 months of marriage. Therefore, many divorces could be avoided if teenagers who marry were encouraged to seek counselling on birth control as soon as possible after marriage.

The evidence regarding teenage marriages supports the author's conclusion only if

A parent must be constant and even-handed to settle imposition of burdens and punishments and the distribution of liberties and reward. In good times, a parent who too quickly bestows rewards creates an expectation of future rewards that he may be unable to fulfill during bad times. In bad times, a parent who waits too long to impose the punishment gives the impression that his response was forced, and the child may interpret this as ___________. Which of the following represents the most critical continuation of the passage?

The blanks in the following paragraph mark deletions from the text. For each question, select the phrase that most appropriately completes the text.Libertarians argue that laws making suicide a criminal act are both foolish and an unwarranted intrusion on individual conscience. With regard to the first, they point out that there is no penalty which the law can assess which inflicts greater injury than the crime itself. As for the second, they argue that it is no business of the state to prevent suicide, for whether it is right for a person to inflict fatal injury on himself or it is a matter between him and his God, one in which the state, by the terms of the Constitution, may not interfere. Such arguments, however, seem to me to be ill-conceived. In the first place, the libertarian makes the mistaken assumption that deference is the only goal of the law. I maintain that the laws we have proscribing suicide are (6). By making it a crime to take any life even one's own we make a public announcement of our shared conviction that each person is unique and valuable. In the second place, while it must be conceded that the doctrine of the separation of church and state is a useful one, it need not be admitted that suicide is a crime (7). And here we need not have recourse to the possibility that a potential suicide might, if given the opportunity, repent of his decision. Suicide inflicts a cost upon us all: the emotional cost on those close to the suicide; an economic cost in the form of a loss of production of a mature and trained member of the society which falls on us all; and a cost to humanity at large for the loss of a member of our community.

The single greatest weakness of American parties is their inability to achieve cohesion in the legislature. Although there is some measure of party unity, it is not uncommon for the majority party to be unable to implement important legislation. The unity is strongest during election campaigns; after the primary elections, the losing candidates all promise their support to the party nominee. By the time the Congress convenes, the unity has dissipated. This phenomenon is attributable to the fragmented nature of party politics. The national committees are no more than feudal lords who receive nominal fealty from their vassals. A Congressman builds his own power on a local base. Consequently, a Congressman is likely to be responsive to local special interest groups. Evidence of this is seen in the differences in voting patterns between the upper and lower houses. In the Senate where terms are longer, there is more party unity. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author's argument?

The blanks in the following paragraph mark deletions from the text. For each question, select the phrase that most appropriately completes the text.Libertarians argue that laws making suicide a criminal act are both foolish and an unwarranted intrusion on individual conscience. With regard to the first, they point out that there is no penalty which the law can assess which inflicts greater injury than the crime itself. As for the second, they argue that it is no business of the state to prevent suicide, for whether it is right for a person to inflict fatal injury on himself or it is a matter between him and his God, one in which the state, by the terms of the Constitution, may not interfere. Such arguments, however, seem to me to be ill-conceived. In the first place, the libertarian makes the mistaken assumption that deference is the only goal of the law. I maintain that the laws we have proscribing suicide are (6). By making it a crime to take any life even one's own we make a public announcement of our shared conviction that each person is unique and valuable. In the second place, while it must be conceded that the doctrine of the separation of church and state is a useful one, it need not be admitted that suicide is a crime (7). And here we need not have recourse to the possibility that a potential suicide might, if given the opportunity, repent of his decision. Suicide inflicts a cost upon us all: the emotional cost on those close to the suicide; an economic cost in the form of a loss of production of a mature and trained member of the society which falls on us all; and a cost to humanity at large for the loss of a member of our community.

The main ingredient in this bottle of Dr. John's Milk of Magnesia is used by nine out of ten hospitals across the country as an antacid and laxative. If this advertising claim is true, which of the following statements must also be true? I. Nine out of ten hospitals across the country use Dr. John's Milk of Magnesia for some ailment. II. Only one out of ten hospitals in the country do not treat acid indigestion and constipation. III. Only one out of ten hospitals across the country do not recommend Dr. John's Milk of Magnesia for patients who need a milk of magnesia.

I recently read a book by an author who insists that everything man does is economically motivated. Leaders launch wars of conquest in order to capture the wealth of other nations. Scientists do research in order to receive grants or find marketable processes. Students go to college to get better jobs. He even maintains that people go to museums to become better informed on the off-chance that some day they will be able to turn that knowledge to their advantage. So persuaded was I by the author's evidence that, applying his theory on my own, I was able to conclude that he had written the book __________. Which of the following provides the most critical completion of the above paragraph?

I. Everyone who has not read the report either has no opinion in the matter or holds a wrong opinion about it. II. Everyone who holds no opinion in the matter has not read the report.Which of the following best describes the relationship between the two above propositions?

If the batteries in my electric razor are dead, the razor will not function. My razor is not functioning. Therefore, the batteries must be dead. Which of the following arguments is most similar to that presented above?

The single greatest weakness of American parties is their inability to achieve cohesion in the legislature. Although there is some measure of party unity, it is not uncommon for the majority party to be unable to implement important legislation. The unity is strongest during election campaigns; after the primary elections, the losing candidates all promise their support to the party nominee. By the time the Congress convenes, the unity has dissipated. This phenomenon is attributable to the fragmented nature of party politics. The national committees are no more than feudal lords who receive nominal fealty from their vassals. A Congressman builds his own power on a local base. Consequently, a Congressman is likely to be responsive to local special interest groups. Evidence of this is seen in the differences in voting patterns between the upper and lower houses. In the Senate where terms are longer, there is more party unity. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author's argument?

The existence of our state's inefficient and wasteful automobile accident liability system can be easily explained. As long as most of our legislators are lawyers, the system will never be reformed, because litigation creates more work for lawyers. The argument above rests on the assumption that

The existence of our state's inefficient and wasteful automobile accident liability system can be easily explained. As long as most of our legislators are lawyers, the system will never be reformed, because litigation creates more work for lawyers. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?