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Biotechnology (GATE)

Description: Biochemistry MicrobiologyProcess BiotechnologyMolecular Biology and GeneticsBiomolecules and Their ConformationCosmidsChemical and Functional Nature of EnzymesRecombinant DNA TechnologyBiochemistry
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: Biochemistry Microbiology Process Biotechnology Molecular Biology and Genetics Biomolecules and Their Conformation Cosmids Chemical and Functional Nature of Enzymes Recombinant DNA Technology
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Which of the following proteins have the least number of polypeptide chains?

  1. Chymotrypsin

  2. Haemoglobin

  3. Hexokinase

  4. Glutamine synthetase

  5. Ribonuclease A

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Ribonuclease A is made up of a single polypeptide chain of 124 residues.

__________________ are enzymes which cleave DNAs at specific base sequences.

  1. Type II restriction endonucleases

  2. Polynucleotide kinase

  3. Terminal transferase

  4. Exonuclease III

  5. Bacteriophage λ exonuclease

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Type II restriction endonucleases cleave DNAs at specific base sequences.

Choose the option that shows the correct pairing of the diseases with their corresponding causative organisms.

 
P. Chagas disease i. Trypanosoma gambiense
Q. Sleeping sickness ii. Plasmodium falciparum
R. Malaria iii. Yersinia pestis
S. Plague iv. Trypanosoma cruzi

  1. P - i, Q - iv, R - iii, S - ii

  2. P - i, Q - iv, R - ii, S - iii

  3. P - ii, Q - iv, R - iii, S - i

  4. P - iv, Q - i, R - ii, S - iii

  5. P - iv, Q - i, R - iii, S - ii

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma gambiense. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis.

Which of the following is a steroid hormone?

  1. Insulin

  2. Glucagon

  3. Epinephrine

  4. Testosterone

  5. Triiodothyronine

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group and is found in humans and other vertebrates.

___________________ utilises tetrahydrofolate as a prosthetic group.

  1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

  2. Monoamine oxidase

  3. Acetyl CoA carboxylase

  4. Thymidylate synthase

  5. Methylmalonyl mutase

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Thymidylate synthase utilises tetrahydrofolate as a prosthetic group.

Choose the option that shows the correct pairing of the products with their corresponding microorganisms.

 
P. Citric acid i. Micromonospora purpurea
Q. Polyhydroxyalkonates ii. Zymomonas mobilis
R. Gentamycin iii. Aspergillus niger
S. Ethanol iv. Ralstonia eutropha

  1. P - i, Q - ii, R - iii, S - iv

  2. P - ii, Q - iii, R - i, S - iv

  3. P - iii, Q - iv, R - i, S - ii

  4. P - iii, Q - i, R - iv, S - ii

  5. P - iv, Q - ii, R - iii, S - i

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Citric acid is obtained from Aspergillus niger. Polyhydroxyalkonates are obtained from Ralstonia eutropha. Gentamycin is obtained from Micromonospora purpurea. Ethanol is obtained from Zymomonas mobilis.

Match the hemoproteins in column I with their function in column II.

 
Column I
Column II
P. Haemoglobin 1. Degradation of hydrogen peroxide
Q. Myoglobin 2. Carrying of oxygen molecules to muscle tissues
R. Cytochromec 3. Transport of oxygen in blood
S. Catalase 4. Involvement in electron transport chain

  1. P - 1; Q - 2; R - 3; S - 4

  2. P - 2; Q - 1; R - 4; S - 3

  3. P - 3; Q - 2; R - 4; S - 1

  4. P - 3; Q - 4; R - 1; S - 2

  5. P - 4; Q - 3; R - 2; S - 1

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The primary function of haemoglobin (Hb) is to transport oxygen in blood. Myoglobin contains a heme (prosthetic) group, which is responsible for its main function (carrying of oxygen molecules to muscle tissues). Cytochrome c is a component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. Catalase in an enzyme produced by our liver to break down hydrogen peroxide.

Arrange the following organisms in increasing order of genome size.

  1. Borrelia burgdorferi 2. Helicobacter pylori 3. Mycoplasma pneumoniae 4. Treponema pallidum

  1. 1 < 2 < 3 < 4

  2. 1 < 3 < 2 < 4

  3. 2 < 4 < 1 < 3

  4. 3 < 4 < 1 < 2

  5. 3 < 1 < 4 < 2

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Organism (Genome size in millions of nucleotide pairs): Mycoplasma pneumoniae (0.8) Treponema pallidum (1.1) Borrelia burgdorferi (1.3)  Helicobacter pylori (1.7) Hence, the correct order is 3 < 4< 1 < 2.

 

Cyanogen bromide catalyses the hydrolysis of only those peptide bonds in which

  1. the carbonyl group is contributed by Lys or Arg residue

  2. the carbonyl group is contributed by Phe, Trp or Tyr residue

  3. the carbonyl group is contributed by Met residue

  4. the amino group is contributed by Phe, Trp or Tyr residue

  5. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cyanogen bromide catalyses the hydrolysis of only those peptide bonds in which the carbonyl group is contributed by Met residue.

Which of the following enzymes is used in recombinant DNA technology for making a DNA copy of an RNA molecule?

  1. DNA ligase

  2. DNA polymerase I

  3. Reverse transcriptase

  4. Terminal transferase

  5. Alkaline phosphatase

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Reverse transcriptase makes a DNA copy of an RNA molecule.

Which of the following is a set of heteropolysaccharides?

  1. Cellulose, Chitin, Dextran

  2. Cellulose, Dextran, Agarose

  3. Peptidoglycan, Agarose, Chitin

  4. Peptidoglycan, Agarose, Hyaluronate

  5. Peptidoglycan, Hyaluronate, Dextran

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Peptidoglycan, Agarose, Hyaluronate: All are heteropolysaccharides

Which of the following is an example of lyases?

  1. Lactate dehydrogenase

  2. Nucleoside monophosphate kinase

  3. Fumarase

  4. Triose phosphate isomerase

  5. Chymotrypsin

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Fumarase is an example of lyases.

Zn2+ serves as a cofactor for

  1. arginase

  2. hexokinase

  3. carbonic anhydrase

  4. glutathione peroxidise

  5. pyruvate kinase

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Zn2+ serves as a cofactor for carbonic anhydrase.

Which of the following 'disease: causative agent' matches is INCORRECT?

  1. Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium

  2. Tetanus: Clostridium

  3. Botulinum: Treponema

  4. Bacillary dysentery: Shigella

  5. Cholera: Vibrio

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Botulinum (food poison) is caused by Clostridium botulinum. Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum.

Match enzymes in column I with respective coenzymes in column II.

 
Column I
Column II
P. Pyruvate carboxylase 1. Biotin
Q. Pyruvate dehydrogenase 2. Thiamine pyrophosphate
R. Glycogen phosphorylase 3. Pyridoxal phosphate
S. Lactate dehydrogenase 4. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

  1. P - 1; Q - 2; R - 3; S - 4

  2. P - 1; Q - 3; R - 2; S - 4

  3. P - 2; Q - 1; R - 3; S - 4

  4. P - 2; Q - 1; R - 4; S - 3

  5. P - 3; Q - 2; R - 4; S - 1

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Pyruvate carboxylase utilises biotin as a prosthetic group. Pyruvate dehydrogenase utilises thiamine pyrophosphate as a prosthetic group. Glycogen phosphorylase utilises pyridoxal phosphate as a prosthetic group. Lactate dehydrogenase utilises nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as a prosthetic group.

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