The caruncula lacrimalis is the small, pink globular nodule at the inner corner (the medial angle) of the eye. It is made of skin covering sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands.

Cornea is the avascular, transparent covering of the anterior chamber of the eye. It is a highly vascularised organ.

Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection most common among pre-school children. People who play close contact sports such as rugby, American football and wrestling are also susceptible, regardless of their age.

Graves' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Ophthalmopathy due to thyrotoxicosis does not involve the uveal tract.

Hemoglobin is found in blood and is not a pigment of the skin, but develops a purple color.

Stimulation of antibody-formation by this thymus-independent antigen leads to proliferation in this location with development of germinal centers while the paracortical region remains inactive, reflecting the inability to develop cellular hypersensitivity to the polysaccharide.

There is very extensive apoptotic cell death amongst the light zone centrocytes and the resultant DNA fragments are visible as 'tingible bodies' within the macrophages which have phagocytosed the apoptotic lymphocytes.

The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs.

Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that helps keep the body's nerve and blood cells healthy and helps make DNA, the genetic material in all cells.

It is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells. Cells of the stratum corneum contain a dense network of keratin, a protein that helps keep the skin hydrated by preventing water evaporation. These cells can also absorb water, further aiding in hydration. In addition, this layer is responsible for the "spring back" or stretchy properties of skin.

The upper portion of the spiral ligament contains numerous capillary loops and small blood vessels and is termed the stria vascularis. It produces endolymph for the scala media, one of the three fluid-filled compartments of the cochlea.

The auricle consists of a single piece of fibrocartilage with a complicated relief on the anterior, concave side and a fairly smooth configuration on the posterior, convex side. The Darwinian tubercle which is present in some people, lie in the descending part of the helix and corresponds to the true ear tip of the long-eared mammals.

The umbo is the most depressed part of the tympanic membrane.

Otitis externa is an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. Swimming in polluted water is a common way to contract swimmer's ear, but it is also possible to contract swimmer's ear from water trapped in the ear canal after a shower, especially in a humid climate. Constriction of the ear canal from bone growth (Surfer's ear) can trap debris leading to infection.

The modiolus is a conical shaped central axis in the cochlea. It consists of spongy bone and the cochlea turns approximately 2.5 times around it. The spiral ganglion is situated inside it.