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Microbes in Industries (Class - XII)

Description: Proteins
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: bacteria virus fungi microbes uses biofertilizer bioinsecticide Microbes in Industrial Products Use of Microbes in Chemicals,Enzymes and Bioactive Molecules
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Which of the following is/are the most commonly used carbon source for commercial synthesis of vitamin B12?

  1. Alkanes

  2. Glucose

  3. Isopropanol

  4. Decane

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Glucose is the most commonly used carbon source for commercial synthesis of vitamin B12.

Which of the following techniques is used for the commercial production of riboflavin?

  1. Anaerobic fermentation

  2. Solid state fermentation

  3. Submerged aerated fermentation

  4. Immobilised cell bioreactor

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Production process of riboflavin is carried out for about 5-7 days by submerged aerated fermentation.

Which of the following is produced by Crypthecodinium cohnii and used in baby foods?

  1. Arachidonic acid

  2. Docosahexaenoic acid

  3. Linolenic acid

  4. Oleic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Docosahexaenoic acid is produced by marine alga Crypthecodinium cohnii. It is used in baby foods.

Which of the following statements regarding production of single-cell oils (microbially produced oils) is true?

  1. They are full of harmful contaminants.

  2. They contain a high amount of saturated fatty acids.

  3. They can transfer disease to humans.

  4. Their production is very expensive.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is true. The fermentation technology used for the production of single-cell oils is very expensive.

Which of the following amino acids is obtained from pyruvate if aminotransferases isolated from Bacillus megaterium are used for the amination of α-keto acids to produce L-amino acids?

  1. L-phenylalanine

  2. L-alanine

  3. L-leucine

  4. L-tyrosine

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

L-alanine is obtained from pyruvate by the reaction L-glutamate + pyruvate ⇌ α-ketoglutarate + L-alanine.

Vitamin B12 production can be enhanced by employing modern techniques of genetic engineering. Which of the following strains were used to obtain a high yielding strain for vitamin B12 production?

  1. Bacillus megaterium and Rhodopseudomonas spheroides

  2. Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Propionibacterium shermanii

  3. Protaminobacter rubber and Rhodopseudomonas spheroides

  4. Pseudomonas denitrificans and Streptomyces olivaceus

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A protoplast fusion technique between Protaminobacter rubber and Rhodopseudomonas spheroides resulted in a hybrid strain called Rhodopseudomonas protamicus. This is the highest yielding strain of vitamin B12. This new strain can produce as high as 135 mg/l of vitamin B12 utilising a carbon source.

Which of the following organisms is commercially exploited to obtain a polymer that is used as blood plasma expander?

  1. Xanthomonas campestris

  2. Azobacter vinelandii

  3. Pseudomonas elodea

  4. Streptococcus mutans

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Streptococcus mutans produces dextrans. They are used as blood plasma expanders for the prevention of thrombosis and in wound dressing.

Which of the following organisms holds a unique position in industrial microbiology for producing a very large number of enzymes?

  1. Streptomyces albus

  2. Aspergillus oryzae

  3. Aspergillus niger

  4. Streptomyces griseus

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Aspergillus niger produces around 40 different enzymes from fermentation. Thus, it holds a unique position in industrial microbiology.

Which of the following organisms are carotenoid producers?

  1. Choanephora cucurbitarum,Phycomyces blakesleeanus, and Streptomyces chrestomyceticus

  2. Pedicoccus cerevisiae, Chromohalobacter beijerinckii and Bacillus species

  3. Candida krusei, Penicillium camemberti and Leuconostoc plantarum

  4. Pseudomonas denitrificans, Bacillus megaterium and Streptomyces olivaceus

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

All these organisms produce carotenoids. Phycomyces blakesleeanus and Choanephora cucurbitarum produce beta carotene and Streptomyces chrestomyceticus produces lycopene.

Enzyme cellulase is produced by Aspergillus niger. It is used

  1. as a digestive aid

  2. as a fish and meat tenderiser

  3. for producing alcohol and glucose

  4. for removal of lactose from whey

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cellulase is produced by Aspergillus niger. It is used in the production of alcohol and glucose.

Enzyme lipolase produced by fungus Humicola languinosa effectively removes fat stains from fabrics but the yield obtained through this fungus is very less. To increase the yield, the gene for lipolase was isolated and cloned in another organism. Which of the following organisms was used for this cloning?

  1. Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

  2. Saccharomyces cerevisae

  3. Aspergillus oryzae

  4. Rhizopus sps

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The gene responsible for lipolase was isolated, cloned and inserted into Aspergillus oryzae. It is preferred due to rapid growth and strong secretion of enzymes.

Eritadenine is used for decreasing cholesterol level. This medicine is isolated from which of the following fungi?

  1. Collybia velutipes

  2. Ganoderma lucidum

  3. Volvariella

  4. Lentinula edodus

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Eritadenine is isolated from fungus Collybia velutipes. It is an edible mushroom.

Which of the following substrates is used by Lactobacillus lactis for producing lactic acid?

  1. Lactose

  2. Maltose

  3. Starch

  4. Glucose

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Maltose is used by Lactobacillus lactis for producing lactic acid.

Which of the following steps is executed by Acetobacter xylinum in synthesising ascorbic acid?

  1. Conversion of D-glucose to D-sorbitol

  2. Oxidation of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose

  3. Oxidation of L-sorbose to 2-keto-L-gluconic acid

  4. Conversion of enol form of 2-keto L-gluconic acid to ascorbic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Oxidation of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose is a microbiological process which involves the activity of Acetobacter xylinum.

Many microorganisms like Aspergillus niger, Penicillium luteum, Candida catenula, Candida guilliermondii and Corynebacterium species produce citric acid. Which of the following organisms is genetically modified for improved industrial production of citric acid?

  1. Candida catenula

  2. Penicillium luteum

  3. Aspergillus niger

  4. Corynebacterium species

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

For improved industrial production of citric acid, mutant strains of Aspergillus niger have been developed. These mutant strains can tolerate high sugar concentration and low pH with reduced synthesis of undesirable byproducts.

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