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Organic Chemistry Test

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Medicine used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is

  1. emtricitabine

  2. cidofovir

  3. lamivudine

  4. darunavir


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cidofovir is an injectable antiviral medicine for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with AIDS. It suppresses CMV replication by selective inhibition of viral DNA polymerase and, therefore, prevents  viral replication and transcription.

Which of the following is a guanosine analogue antiviral drug?

  1. Abacavir (ABC)

  2. Aciclovir

  3. Adefovir dipivoxil

  4. Amantadine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Aciclovir is a guanosine analogue antiviral drug.  One of the most commonly-used antiviral drugs, it is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, as well as in the treatment of varicella zoster (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles).

Which of the following drugs is not used in the treatment of HIV?

  1. Amprenavir

  2. Ampligen

  3. Arbidol

  4. Atazanavir


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Arbidol is an antiviral treatment for influenza infection .

The __________ consist of six isoprene units.

  1. sesterterpenes

  2. triterpenes

  3. tetraterpenes

  4. polyterpenes


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Triterpenes consist of six isoprene units and have the molecular formula C30H48. The linear triterpene squalene, the major constituent of shark liver oil, is derived from the reductive coupling of two molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate.

Among the following, _______ is a rubber-like material.

  1. Styrene-butadiene

  2. Silicone rubber

  3. Polybutadiene

  4. Butyl rubber


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Silicone rubber is a rubber-like material containing silicon together with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Silicone rubber is generally non-reactive, stable, and resistant to extreme environments and temperatures from -55°C to +300°C while still maintaining its useful properties. It is used in cooking, baking, and food storage products; apparel such as undergarments, sportswear, and footwear etc..

Which among the following is not a monoterpenoid?

  1. Geraniol

  2. Limonene

  3. Prenol

  4. Terpineol


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Prenol is a natural alcohol. It is one of the most simple terpenes. It is a clear colourless oil that is reasonably soluble in water and miscible with most common organic solvents. It has a fruity odour and is used occasionally in perfumery. It is a hemiterpenoid.

Sesquiterpene is a common group of plant poisons. Which of the following is a naturally occurring Sesquiterpene?

  1. Farnesol

  2. Nerolidol

  3. Linalool

  4. Kahweol


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Nerolidol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. There are two isomers of nerolidol, cis and trans, which differ in the geometry about the central double bond.

Olefins belong to a family of organic compounds called hydrocarbons. Which of the following is an olefinic natural organic compound?

  1. Myrcene

  2. β-pinene

  3. Caryophyllene

  4. Humulene


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Myrcene, or β-myrcene, is an olefinic natural organic compound. It is classified as a hydrocarbon, but more precisely as a monoterpene. Terpenes are dimers of isoprene and myrcene is one of the most important.

Synthetic fibres generally come from synthetic materials such as petrochemicals. Among the following fibres, the strongest are

  1. Cellulose fibres

  2. Mineral fibres

  3. Polymer fibres

  4. Microfibres


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mineral fibres are the strongest fibres  because these are formed with a low number of surface defects.

Which of the following fibres is made up of sodium silicate?

  1. Fiberglass

  2. Optical fibre

  3. Quartz

  4. Silica fibres


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Silica fibres made of sodium silicate (water glass) are used in heat protection (including asbestos substitution) and in packings and compensators. They can be made such that they are substantially free from non-alkali metal compounds.

The secondary cell walls of plants are composed of _______ fibres.

  1. cellulose

  2. lignin

  3. jute

  4. cotton


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Lignin or lignen is a complex chemical compound most commonly derived from wood, and an integral part of the secondary cell walls of plants and some algae.

Glass wool is used as an insulating material. It was invented by

  1. Russell games slayter

  2. Bernoulli

  3. Cavendish

  4. Priestley


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Glass wool, which is commonly known as fiberglass today was invented in 1938 by Russell Games Slayter of Owens-Corning as a material to be used as insulation.

A natural fibre found in the walls of animal intestines is used in the preparation of

  1. Spider silk

  2. Sinew

  3. Catgut

  4. Wool


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Catgut is a type of cord that is prepared from the natural fibre in the walls of animal intestines.Usually sheep or goat intestines are used, but it is occasionally made from the intestines of cattle, hogs, horses, mules, or donkeys.

Cutin is a waxlike, water-repellent material present in the walls of some plant cells. It is a type of _______.

  1. vinyon

  2. vinylon

  3. polyester

  4. nylon


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Polyesters include naturally-occurring chemicals, such as in the cutin of plant cuticles, as well as synthetics through step-growth polymerization such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate.

Which among the following can be excluded from the category of the antiviral drugs?

  1. Edoxudine

  2. Efavirenz

  3. Emtricitabine

  4. None of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All drugs given above are antiviral drugs.

Terpenes are derived biosynthetically from units of isoprene having molecular formula C5H8. Which of the following consists of a single isoprene unit?

  1. Hemiterpenes

  2. Monoterpenes

  3. Sesquiterpenes

  4. Diterpenes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hemiterpenes consist of a single isoprene unit. Isoprene itself is considered the only hemiterpene, but oxygen-containing derivatives such as prenol and isovaleric acid are hemiterpenoids.

Which of the following drugs has no effect on viral cells?

  1. Fomivirsen

  2. Foscarnet

  3. Ganciclovir

  4. Inosine pranobex


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Inosine pranobex is a combinatinon of inosine, acetamidobenzoic acid, and dimethylaminoisopropanol used as an antiviral drug. Inosine pranobex has no effect on viral cells itself. It acts as a powerful immunostimulant.

The dye used to colour silk and wool is

  1. Brilliant Blue FCF

  2. Brilliant Green

  3. Ethyl Green

  4. Fuchsine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Brilliant Green is one of the triarylmethane dyes. It is closely related to malachite green.Brilliant Green has been used to colour silk and wool.

Collagen is one of the most plentiful proteins present in the bodies of mammals, including humans. The dye used to stain collagen is

  1. Auramine O

  2. Aluminon

  3. Aniline Blue WS

  4. Aurin


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Aniline Blue WS is a mixture of methyl blue and water blue. It may also be either one of them. Aniline blue or its constituents are used to stain collagen, as the fibre stain in Masson's trichrome.

Asbestos crystals become long, flexible, silky fibres, so these can be made into a wide variety of forms. These belong to the category of

  1. vegetable fibres

  2. wood fibres

  3. animal fibres

  4. mineral fibres


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Mineral fibres comprise asbestos. Asbestos is the only naturally occurring long mineral fibre. Short, fibre-like minerals include wollastonite, attapulgite and halloysite.

Guanine is one of the five main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids i.e., DNA and RNA. Which of the following is a guanine analogue antiviral drug?

  1. Enfuvirtide

  2. Entecavir

  3. Entry inhibitor

  4. Famciclovir


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Famciclovir is a guanine analogue antiviral drug used for the treatment of various herpesvirus infections, most commonly for herpes zoster (shingles). It is a prodrug form of penciclovir with improved oral bioavailability.

Stanol promotes appetite, strength gain, weight gain and increases the number of red blood cells in the body. Find out a stanol found in plants from among the following.

  1. Cycloartenol

  2. Lanosterol

  3. Lycopene

  4. Isoprene


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cycloartenol is an important type of stanol found in plants. The biosynthesis of cycloartenol starts from the triterpenoid squalene. It is the first precursor in the biosynthesis of other stanols and sterols.

Triterpenes contain six isoprene units with molecular formula C30H48. Find a triterpenoid among the following.

  1. Retinol

  2. Retinal

  3. Phytol

  4. Squalene


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Squalene is a hydrocarbon and a triterpene, and is a natural and vital part of the synthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones and vitamin D in the human body. Squalene is used in cosmetics, and more recently as an immunologic adjuvant in vaccines.

Which of the following mouldings is used for the production of both thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic materials?

  1. Compression moulding

  2. Transfer moulding

  3. Injection moulding

  4. Blow moulding


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Injection molding is a manufacturing process for producing parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic materials. Material is fed into a heated barrel, mixed, and forced into a mold cavity where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the mold cavity.

The sex hormones estradiol and testosterone are

  1. Turpentine

  2. Steroid

  3. Cholestane

  4. Resin


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A steroid is a type of organic compound that contains a specific arrangement of four cycloalkane rings that are joined to each other. Examples of steroids include the dietary fat cholesterol, the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone.

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