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Life Sciences

Description: GATE
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: GATE Molecular Basis of Genetic Diseases and Applications Lipids and Carbohydrates Cellular Organelles and Their Structure and Function Water Soluble and Fat Soluble Vitamins DNA Labeling The Endocrine System Role of Microorganisms in Transformation of Organic Matter and in the Causation of Diseases. Photosynthesis
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Which one of the following pair of organisms contains the highest and least number of chromosomes respectively?

  1. Tympanoctomys barrerae and Myrmecia pilosula

  2. Myrmecia pilosula and Ophioglossum reticulatum

  3. Ophioglossum reticulatum and Myrmecia pilosula

  4. Tympanoctomys barrerae and Drosophila melanogaster

  5. Ophioglossum reticulatum and Tympanoctomys barrerae

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ophioglossum reticulatum (2n = 1260): Highest known number of chromosomes in any life form. Myrmecia pilosula (2n = 2): 2 for females, males are haploid and thus have one; lowest number of chromosomes among all organisms.

The materials that can transport through phospholipid bilayer are _______________.

A. Glucose B. Urea C. CO2 D. Cl- E. Ca2+

  1. A and B

  2. A and C

  3. B and C

  4. A, B and D

  5. B, C and E

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This option is correct because the materials that can transport through phospholipid bilayer are urea and carbon dioxide.

Match the entries in Group - I with those in Group - II.

 
Group - I
Group - II
P. Citric acid 1. antiseptic
Q. Chlorpromazine 2. artificial sweetener
R. Terpineol 3. antacid
S. Sucrolose 4. tranquilizer

  1. P - 3, Q - 4, R - 1, S - 2

  2. P - 2, Q - 4, R - 1, S - 3

  3. P - 3, Q - 1, R - 4, S - 2

  4. P - 2, Q - 3, R - 1, S - 4

  5. P - 2, Q - 3, R - 4, S - 1

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Citric acid is used as antacid to decrease acidity in stomach. Chlorpromazine is used as tranquilizer. Commonly used antiseptic, dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol. Sucrolose (600 times sweeten than sucrose) is used as artificial sweetening agent. Hence, the correct answer using the codes is P - 3, Q - 4, R - 1, S - 2.

Match the column – I (product) with column – II (application) and select the correct option.

 
Column – I
Column – II
A. Cyclophosphamide 2. Anti-cancer agent
B. Digoxin 2. Anti-cancer agent
C. Lactitol 3. Cardiovascular disorder
D. Pancuronium 4. Sweetener

  1. A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 1

  2. A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

  3. A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 4

  4. A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1

  5. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cyclophosphamide is used alone for the treatment of several types of cancers but often in combination with other drugs to treat breast cancer, leukemia and ovarian cancer. Lactitol is a sugar alcohol used as a replacement bulk sweetener for low calorie foods with approximately 40% of the sweetness of sugar. Digoxin is used to treat congestive heart failure and to slow the heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. Pancuronium is a typical non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.

An ever growing range of chemicals are being manufactured by genetically engineered organisms. Match the column - I (drugs produced by recombinant DNA technology) with column – II (used in the treatment of). Column – I| Column – II| |P. Erythropoietin|1. Lymphoblastic leukaemia| |Q. Factor VIII|2. Haemophilia| |R. Pegaspargase|3. Anaemia| |S. Superoxide dismutase|4. Heart attack|

  1. P - 1, Q - 2, R - 3, S - 4

  2. P - 2, Q - 1, R - 4, S - 3

  3. P - 3, Q - 2, R - 1, S - 4

  4. P - 4, Q - 3, R - 2, S - 1

  5. P - 1, Q - 2, R - 4, S - 3

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Erythropoietin stimulates the production of RBC in treatment of anaemia. Factor VIII promotes blood clotting in haemophilia. Pegaspargase is used in the treatment of lymphoblastic leukaemia. Superoxide dismutase prevents further damage of heart muscles after heart attack.

Which among the following diseases are caused by the hypersecretion of T4 hormone?

  1. Cretinism
  2. Scrofula
  3. Basedow-Graves disease
  4. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
  5. Plummer’s disease
  6. Myxoedema

  1. 1 and 3

  2. 2 and 5

  3. 3 and 6

  4. 4 and 5

  5. 5 and 6

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Basedow-Graves disease is caused due to hypersecretion of T4 hormone. Plummer’s disease is caused due to hypersecretion of T4 hormone.

Which of the following are examples of autosomal recessive hereditary disorders?

  1. Albinism
  2. Phenylketonuria
  3. Achondroplasia
  4. Brachydatyly

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 1 and 3

  3. 2 and 3

  4. 2 and 4

  5. 3 and 4

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Albinism and Phenylketonuria are examples of autosomal recessive hereditary disorders. Albinism is caused due to inability to produce melanin pigment characterized by absence of normal colouration of skin. Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disorder which arises due to deficiency of an enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase,  which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine.

Which of the following diseases are transmitted by Tse-tse fly?

  1. Chagas disease
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Gambian fever
  4. Dumdum fever
  5. Malarial fever

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 1 and 3

  3. 2 and 4

  4. 2 and 5

  5. 4 and 5

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Both Chaga’s disease and Gambian fever (African sleeping sickness) are transmitted by Tse-tse fly (Glossina palpalis).

Match the column – I (disease) with column – II (causative microorganism).

 
Column – I
Column – II
A. Sleeping sickness 1. E. histolytica
B. Dysentery 2. T. gambiense
C. Chaga’s disease 3. T. vaginalis
D. Leucorrhea 4. L. donovani
E. Oriental sore 5. T. cruzi

  1. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1, E - 5

  2. A - 2, B - 1, C - 5, D - 3, E - 4

  3. A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 5, E - 3

  4. A - 3, B - 5, C - 4, D - 1, E - 2

  5. A - 5, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4, E - 1

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Sleeping sickness - T. gambiense Dysentery - E. histolytica Chaga’s disease - T. cruzi Leucorrhea - T. vaginalis Oriental sore - L. donovani Thus, this option is correct.

During the course of metabolism, amino acids are converted to the following seven common metabolic intermediates:

  1. Pyruvate
  2. α-ketoglutarate
  3. Succinyl-CoA
  4. Fumarate
  5. Oxaloacetate
  6. Acetyl-CoA
  7. Acetoacetate

Which of the above metabolic intermediates are exclusively glucogenic?

  1. 1, 2, 3 and 4

  2. 1, 3, 5 and 7

  3. 2, 3, 4 and 5

  4. 3, 4, 5 and 6

  5. 4, 5, 6 and 7

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

α-ketoglutarate, Succinyl-CoA, Fumarate and Oxaloacetate: All are glucogenic intermediates (form glucose).

Match the column – I with column – II and select the correct option.

 
Column – I Column – II
A. Pyridoxal phosphate 1. D-amino acid oxidase
B. NAD+ 2. Protein kinase A
C. cAMP 3. Serine dehydratase
D. FAD 4. Alcohol dehydrogenases

  1. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

  2. A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

  3. A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 4

  4. A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1

  5. A - 3, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In cell biology, Protein kinase A is a family of enzymes whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Alcohol dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. Serine dehydratase or L-serine ammonia lyase (SDH) is in the β-family of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes. D-amino acid oxidase is a peroxisomal enzyme containing FAD as cofactor that is expressed in a wide range of species from yeasts to human.

Match the column – I with column – II and select the correct option.

 
Column – I Column – II
A. Leukemia 1. Blood cancer
B. Carcinomas 2. Cancer of epithelial cells
C. Sarcomas 3. Cancer of connective tissues
D. Lipomas 4. Cancer of adipose tissues

  1. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

  2. A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

  3. A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 3

  4. A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1

  5. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Correct answer. Correct matching is Leukemia - Blood cancer Carcinomas - Cancer of epithelial cells Sarcomas - Cancer of connective tissues Lipomas - Cancer of adipose tissues

Match the entries in Group - I (enzyme class) with the Group - II (example).

 
Group - I Group - II
A. Oxidoreductase 1. Acetate kinase
B. Transferase 2. Lactate dehydrogenase
C. Hydrolase 3. Oxalate decarboxylase
D. Lyase 4. Sucrase

  1. A - 1, B - 4, C - 3, D - 2

  2. A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

  3. A - 3, B - 2, C - 1, D - 4

  4. A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3

  5. A - 3, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Lactate dehydrogenase is an example of oxidoreductases. Acetate kinase is an example of transferase. sucrase is an example of hydrolases. Oxalate decarboxylase is an example of lyases.

Assertion: STH is secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary. Reason: Hypersecretion of STH causes Simond’s disease.

Directions: In the following question there are two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R), consider both the statements independently and mark your answers as under:

1. A and R both are correct and R is correct explanation of A.
2. A and R both are correct and R is not correct explanation of A.
3. A is correct and R is incorrect.
4. A is incorrect and R is correct.
5. A and R both are incorrect.

  1. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

  2. A and R both are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

  3. A is correct and R is incorrect.

  4. A is incorrect and R is correct.

  5. A and R both are incorrect.

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Both Assertion (A) as well as Reason (R) are incorrect. STH is secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary. Hypersecretion of STH causes pituitary myxoedema. Simond’s disease is caused due to hyposecretion of STH.

Assertion: Noncompetitive inhibitors do not compete with the substrate for the enzyme’s active site. Reason: Sulfanilamide is an example of noncompetitive inhibitor.

Direction: In the following question there are two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R), consider both the statements independently and mark your answers as under:


1. A and R both are correct and R is correct explanation of A.
2. A and R both are correct and R is not correct explanation of A.
3. A is correct and R is incorrect.
4. A is incorrect and R is correct.
5. A and R both are incorrect.

  1. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

  2. A and R both are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

  3. A is correct and R is incorrect.

  4. A is incorrect and R is correct.

  5. A and R both are incorrect.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Assertion statement is correct while the reason statement is false. Noncompetitive inhibitors do not compete with the substrate for the enzyme’s active site; instead, they interact with another part of the enzyme. Sulfanilamide is an example of competitive inhibitor

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