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Human Circulatory System (MP DMAT)

Description: heart systole daistole ventricles
Number of Questions: 20
Created by:
Tags: heart systole daistole ventricles Body Fluids and Circulation
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Which of the following statements regarding the innervation of the human heart is false?

  1. Afferent fibres carrying pain sensation run to the spinal cord.

  2. During rest, the vagal tone is recessive.

  3. Postganglionic fibres descend to the heart and form two plexuses.

  4. The effects of autonomic nervous system on coronary artery and blood flow are reciprocal.

  5. Preganglionic sympathetic fibres ascend from the upper five thoracic segments of the spinal cord.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is incorrect as during rest, the vagal tone is dominant. 

Which of the following statements regarding heart sounds is incorrect?

  1. Third heart sound is pathological in children, but physiological in adults.

  2. Turbulent blood flow is a result of stenotic valves or blood vessels.

  3. Heart murmurs are pathological noises that result from abnormal blood flow in the heart or blood vessels.

  4. Heart sounds are a result of a beating heart and resultant blood flow.

  5. In a mammalian heart, the chordae tendinea functions like the strings on a parachute.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It is just the reverse statement as the third heart sound is physiological in children, but pathological in adults. 

Which of the following lie(s) in the deepest layer of the endocardium?

  1. Atrioventricular node

  2. Purkinje fibres

  3. Sinoatrial node

  4. Bundle of his

  5. Bundle branch block

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Purkinje fibres lie in the deepest layer of the endocardium. 

Which cells are known to be involved in the initial presentation of an antigen to T lymphocytes?

  1. Dendritic cells

  2. Plasma cells

  3. Neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes

  4. Erythrocytes

  5. Platelets

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Dendritic cells are a peculiar type of antigen-presenting cells.

The presence of which of the following cell types defines a granuloma on routine histology of an individual?

  1. T lymphocytes

  2. Basophils

  3. Erythrocytes

  4. Epithelioid cells

  5. Giant cells

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Giant cells are the multinucleate cells formed by fusion of macrophages.

IgE antibodies are found frequently in the lungs, nostrils and mucous membranes of human beings. Which of the following cells produce IgE?

  1. Mast cells

  2. Eosinophils

  3. Basophils

  4. T lymphocytes

  5. Plasma cells

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Plasma cells produce immunoglobulins of all isotypes including IgE.

Which of the following cells are phagocytic?

  1. Hepatocytes

  2. Lymphocytes

  3. Monocytes

  4. Erythrocytes

  5. Plasma cells

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

They are circulating immature macrophages or dendritic cells.

Which of the following is the commonest cause of anaemia in developing countries?

  1. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

  2. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

  3. B12 deficiency

  4. Iron deficiency

  5. Drug-induced haemolysis

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

It is the commonest cause of anaemia.

Which of the following does not characterise a mammalian heart?

  1. In a human heart, a single heartbeat lasts for about 0.8 seconds.

  2. The impulses are delayed for about 0.1 s at the bundle of his.

  3. The SA node generates electrical impulses.

  4. Few cardiac cells can contract without any signal from the brain.

  5. The heart is energetically a syncytium.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is incorrect as the atrioventricular node is located in the wall between the right atrium and the right ventricle. 

Vasodilators open (dilate) the blood vessels. Which of the following is/are vasodilator(s)?

  1. Atrial natriuretic peptide

  2. Antidiuretic hormone

  3. Epinephrine and norepinephrine

  4. Angiotensin II

  5. Nicotine

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a prominent  hormone secreted by the atria of the heart. 

Which of the following lymphoid tissues is/are unencapsulated?

  1. Tonsils

  2. Malt

  3. Spleen

  4. Lymph node

  5. Thymus

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The respiratory, alimentary and genitourinary tracts are guarded immunologically by subepithelial accumulations of lymphoid tissues.

Which of the following cytokines acts as a chemo-attractant for eosinophils?

  1. IL-5

  2. IL-10

  3. IFN-gamma

  4. IL-2

  5. IL-7

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Part of the pathway is involved in IgE production as well as in Th2 cellular responses.

Which of the following cells are not of monocyte-macrophage lineage?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Follicular dendritic cells of lymph nodes

  3. Kupffer cells in liver

  4. Histiocytes in tissues

  5. Monocytes in blood

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

These are of the myeloid lineage.

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of B cells?

  1. Surface immunoglobulin

  2. Polyclonal activation by concanavalin A

  3. Measles virus receptor

  4. CD3

  5. Class I MHC

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

 A totally different gene set encodes the T cell receptor for antigen.

Which of the following statements does not characterise IgG?

  1. It opsonises bacteria.

  2. It crosses the human placenta.

  3. It can fix complement.

  4. It neutralises bacterial toxins.

  5. It appears early in the primary immune response.

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

IgM is the class which appears early following the first encounter with a specific antigen.

The T cell receptor is a molecule present on the surface of T cells, which recognises fragments of antigen in the blood. It partly recognises which of the following?

  1. Cytokines

  2. MHC

  3. ADCC

  4. Antibody

  5. IL-2

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

T cells recognise processed antigen plus the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.

Which of the following proteins is a protease inhibitor controlling blood clotting in mammals?

  1. Tissue plasminogen activator

  2. Plasmin

  3. Antithrombin

  4. Thrombin

  5. Niacin

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Blood clotting is potentially dangerous and an elaborate system of safeguards exists to control the process. 

Which of the following cells produce(s) antibodies in human beings?

  1. Macrophages

  2. T-lymphocytes

  3. NK

  4. Plasma cells

  5. Eosinophils

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

B-lymphocytes have antibodies on their cell surface.

Which of the following is/are negative chronotropic?

  1. Thyroid hormones

  2. Moderate warming

  3. Sympathetic stimulation

  4. Mild alkalemia

  5. Vagal stimulation

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

The heart is innervated by vagal and sympathetic fibres.

Which of the following proteins is a protease of the blood clotting pathway in humans?

  1. Fibrin

  2. Plasminogen

  3. Prothrombin

  4. Factor XII

  5. Factor XIII

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Factor XII is a protease involved in initiating the intrinsic blood clotting pathway.

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