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Excretory System

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Number of Questions: 20
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Tags: 20 Excretory System in Humans Structure and Function of The kidneys
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Uricotelic animals are those that excrete nitrogenous wastes as _______.

  1. carbon wastes

  2. creatinine

  3. Urea

  4. ammonia

  5. uric acid

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

A uricotelic organism excretes uric acid or its salts as a result of deamination.

Micturition is regulated by _____.

  1. glomerulus

  2. bladder sphincter

  3. loop of henle

  4. sweat glands

  5. vasopressin

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Bladder sphincter regulates micturition.

In the Bowman's capsule _______.

  1. afferent arteriole is narrower whereas efferent arteriole is wider

  2. afferent arteriole is wider whereas efferent arteriole is narrower

  3. afferent capillary is wider whereas efferent capillary is narrower

  4. afferent capillary is narrower whereas efferent capillary is wider

  5. afferent arteriole is wider and efferent capillary is narrower

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This reason is correct.

For which of the following is aldosterone responsible?

  1. Ultrafiltration

  2. Reabsorption

  3. Sodium reabsorption

  4. Water reabsorption

  5. Excretion

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Aldosterone is responsible for Sodium re absorption.

Absorption of water from the Kidney tubules is controlled by _________.

  1. the ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

  2. vasopressin

  3. oxytocin

  4. the T.S.H. (Thyroid stimulating hormone)

  5. amount of Uric acid

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as vasopressin, argipressin orantidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a neurohypophysial hormone found in most mammals. Its two primary functions are to retain water in the body and to constrict blood vessels. Vasopressin regulates the body's retention of water by acting to increase water absorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney nephron.

Profuse sweating takes place during heavy muscular exercise. The reason is _________.

  1. to excrete excessive amount of sodium chloride

  2. to eliminate excessive lactic acid produced due to anaerobic metabolism

  3. to regulate the temperature of the body

  4. all of these

  5. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All the above reasons are correct. Profuse sweating takes place during heavy muscular exercise, to excrete excessive amount of sodium chloride, to eliminate excessive lactic acid produced due to anaerobic metabolism and to regulate the temperature of the body.

Which of the following statement is false?

  1. Sometimes, urine may contain certain excess vitamins.

  2. Glomerular filtration occurs under pressure on the blood as a result of systolic pressure of the heart.

  3. A diuretic increases the amount of urine.

  4. Harmful ammonium compounds formed during the metabolism in the cells are broken down to form urea in the kidney.

  5. Glomerular filtrate consists of many substances such as water, salt, glucose, and white blood corpuscles.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This statement is false, harmful ammonium compounds formed during the metabolism in the cells are broken down to form urea in the liver.

What is the name of the organ, which produces Urea?

  1. Liver

  2. Pancreas

  3. Large intestine.

  4. Kidney

  5. Urinary Bladder

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Liver produces urea.

Which of the following pair is correct?

  1. Liver - stimulated by light

  2. Ova - haploid cells

  3. Alveoli - basic unit of the brain

  4. Cochlea - diffusion of gases

  5. Grana - part of the sclera

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This pair is correct. Haploid cells are responsible for the production of ova.

Which of the following statement is correct?

  1. Urine leaves the urinary bladder of female by means of the uterus.

  2. Urethra carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

  3. The U-shaped portion of a nephron located in the medulla region is called Loop of Henle.

  4. Renal vein supplies blood to kidney.

  5. Ammonia is converted into urea in kidney.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This statement is correct.

Which of the following is not a correct pair?

  1. Iliac artery - supply blood to hind limbs

  2. Iliac vein - collection of blood from hind limbs

  3. Urethra - passage for urine and sex cells

  4. Ureter - Transfer of urine and sex cells

  5. Renal artery - Collection of blood from the kidneys

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This pair is wrong. Renal artery - Supply of blood to the kidneys.

Which of the following substances is reabsorbed from the renal tubules by the secondary capillaries?

  1. Ammonia

  2. Uric acid

  3. Urea

  4. Glucose

  5. Creatinine

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

It is reabsorbed from the renal tubules by the secondary capillaries.

The pigment produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin in liver is ________.

  1. uric acid

  2. acetone

  3. creatinine

  4. urochrome

  5. glucose

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

It is the pigment produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin in liver.

Ascending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to _______.

  1. chloride

  2. potassium

  3. sodium

  4. water

  5. glucose

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ascending limb is impermeable to water.

Where does the Ultra-filtration occurs?

  1. PCT (Proximal Convoluted tubule)

  2. DCT (Distal Convoluted tubule)

  3. Henle’s Loop

  4. Vasa Rectae

  5. Bowman’s capsule

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This phenomenon occurs in the Bowman’s capsule.

Proximal Convoluted tubule lies in ___________.

  1. cortex

  2. pelvis

  3. medulla

  4. hylus

  5. ureter

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. In the adult, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections (cortical columns) that extend down between the pyramids. It contains the renal corpuscles and the renal tubules except for parts of the loop of Henle, which descend into the renal medulla. It also contains blood vessels and cortical collecting ducts.

Which of the following is not a property of Urine?

  1. Colour - Straw yellow colour

  2. Volume - Normally 1 - 1.5 liters per day

  3. pH - 2-3

  4. Specific gravity - 1.003 to 1.035

  5. Odour - On standing, the smell of urine becomes strong, ammonia-like, due to bacterial activity, otherwise faint smell

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The pH - 5-8, i.e., it is slightly acidic (pH=6).

Cortex of kidney is covered by fibrous _________.

  1. wall

  2. peritonium

  3. capsule

  4. layer

  5. sheath

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cortex is covered by fibrous capsule.

The expanded part of the ureter proximal to kidney is called

  1. urethra

  2. urinary bladder

  3. pelvis

  4. pyramid

  5. medulla

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The renal pelvis or pyelum is the funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in the kidney.

The human kidney is made up of millions of structural and functional units called

  1. neurons

  2. the Bowman's capsule

  3. nephrons

  4. cells

  5. blood vessels

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Nephrons are the structural and functional unit of Kidney. A kidney is made up of millions of nephrons.

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