The passage answers all the below given questions except

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

The famous gorilla experiment conducted by Harvard University when a woman dressed in a gorilla suit ambled across the floor thumping her chest, but 50 % of the audience didn’t notice. The study shows we often err when it comes to concentration and perception. Humans have a limited capacity for attention which in turn means that we have a limited capacity to process information at any given point of time.
When we open our eyes, the whole image gets projected on the retina, but only selective parts of the image are sensed by the brain. This is because as the amount of information in the image was too great to be processed, the brain selectively puts its attention on the most important aspects. Scientists have found that highly prominent events may go unnoticed. 
Researchers now recognize a phenomenon known as “change blindness”, which means that people often fail to detect changes in their field of vision, so long that the change takes place during an eye movement or when the view is somehow interrupted. It has been discovered that our brain tries to construct a meaningful whole out of stimuli that fits in with the scenario of its interest and is capable of discarding majority of other information. This fact can be easily explained by observing a child play the game “spot the difference”. On the first look the child finds the pictures to be similar. Only after careful attention, does he find the differences. The present decade has seen a lot of research into this field. The questions that the scientists are trying to answer are: What is the amount of visual input a brain can consciously and unconsciously encode?
Why do some objects come in the field of observation and not others? What happens to information that is subconsciously perceived?
Arien Mack and Irvin Rock also conducted many experiments and co-authored a book “Inattentional Blindness” in 1998. One of their experiments was very simple. They asked the subjects to observe a cross on the computer screen. The subjects were repetitively asked to judge which arm of the cross was longer. They were in a way made to concentrate on the cross. After some time, unrepentantly, another brightly coloured object was inserted in their field of vision. The researchers reported that the participants often failed to notice the unexpected object on the screen, even when it appeared in the middle of their line of vision. The study gave a conclusive proof that there exists a wide gulf between perception and attention. Some psychologists are of the view that intentional blindness may be in some way related to selective memory instead of selective perception. The cause of the ‘intentional amnesia’ may be organic, functional or circumstantial.
Harvard university researchers have concluded that “we consciously see far less of our world than we think we do. We might well encode much of our visual world without awareness.” We believe that we generally see what is in front of us and by basically looking. But looking and seeing are two different events. It has been observed that we look without seeing during moments of intense concentration. We have all observed that our eyes may be open, the images form on the retina, but still we have limited perception. We all remember these moments of blurred visuals and they come usually when either we are in deep thoughts or involved in an interesting conversation.

Which of the following statements can be directly inferred from the passage about intentional blindness?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

The famous gorilla experiment conducted by Harvard University when a woman dressed in a gorilla suit ambled across the floor thumping her chest, but 50 % of the audience didn’t notice. The study shows we often err when it comes to concentration and perception. Humans have a limited capacity for attention which in turn means that we have a limited capacity to process information at any given point of time.
When we open our eyes, the whole image gets projected on the retina, but only selective parts of the image are sensed by the brain. This is because as the amount of information in the image was too great to be processed, the brain selectively puts its attention on the most important aspects. Scientists have found that highly prominent events may go unnoticed. 
Researchers now recognize a phenomenon known as “change blindness”, which means that people often fail to detect changes in their field of vision, so long that the change takes place during an eye movement or when the view is somehow interrupted. It has been discovered that our brain tries to construct a meaningful whole out of stimuli that fits in with the scenario of its interest and is capable of discarding majority of other information. This fact can be easily explained by observing a child play the game “spot the difference”. On the first look the child finds the pictures to be similar. Only after careful attention, does he find the differences. The present decade has seen a lot of research into this field. The questions that the scientists are trying to answer are: What is the amount of visual input a brain can consciously and unconsciously encode?
Why do some objects come in the field of observation and not others? What happens to information that is subconsciously perceived?
Arien Mack and Irvin Rock also conducted many experiments and co-authored a book “Inattentional Blindness” in 1998. One of their experiments was very simple. They asked the subjects to observe a cross on the computer screen. The subjects were repetitively asked to judge which arm of the cross was longer. They were in a way made to concentrate on the cross. After some time, unrepentantly, another brightly coloured object was inserted in their field of vision. The researchers reported that the participants often failed to notice the unexpected object on the screen, even when it appeared in the middle of their line of vision. The study gave a conclusive proof that there exists a wide gulf between perception and attention. Some psychologists are of the view that intentional blindness may be in some way related to selective memory instead of selective perception. The cause of the ‘intentional amnesia’ may be organic, functional or circumstantial.
Harvard university researchers have concluded that “we consciously see far less of our world than we think we do. We might well encode much of our visual world without awareness.” We believe that we generally see what is in front of us and by basically looking. But looking and seeing are two different events. It has been observed that we look without seeing during moments of intense concentration. We have all observed that our eyes may be open, the images form on the retina, but still we have limited perception. We all remember these moments of blurred visuals and they come usually when either we are in deep thoughts or involved in an interesting conversation.

The primary purpose of the passage is

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

The famous gorilla experiment conducted by Harvard University when a woman dressed in a gorilla suit ambled across the floor thumping her chest, but 50 % of the audience didn’t notice. The study shows we often err when it comes to concentration and perception. Humans have a limited capacity for attention which in turn means that we have a limited capacity to process information at any given point of time.
When we open our eyes, the whole image gets projected on the retina, but only selective parts of the image are sensed by the brain. This is because as the amount of information in the image was too great to be processed, the brain selectively puts its attention on the most important aspects. Scientists have found that highly prominent events may go unnoticed. 
Researchers now recognize a phenomenon known as “change blindness”, which means that people often fail to detect changes in their field of vision, so long that the change takes place during an eye movement or when the view is somehow interrupted. It has been discovered that our brain tries to construct a meaningful whole out of stimuli that fits in with the scenario of its interest and is capable of discarding majority of other information. This fact can be easily explained by observing a child play the game “spot the difference”. On the first look the child finds the pictures to be similar. Only after careful attention, does he find the differences. The present decade has seen a lot of research into this field. The questions that the scientists are trying to answer are: What is the amount of visual input a brain can consciously and unconsciously encode?
Why do some objects come in the field of observation and not others? What happens to information that is subconsciously perceived?
Arien Mack and Irvin Rock also conducted many experiments and co-authored a book “Inattentional Blindness” in 1998. One of their experiments was very simple. They asked the subjects to observe a cross on the computer screen. The subjects were repetitively asked to judge which arm of the cross was longer. They were in a way made to concentrate on the cross. After some time, unrepentantly, another brightly coloured object was inserted in their field of vision. The researchers reported that the participants often failed to notice the unexpected object on the screen, even when it appeared in the middle of their line of vision. The study gave a conclusive proof that there exists a wide gulf between perception and attention. Some psychologists are of the view that intentional blindness may be in some way related to selective memory instead of selective perception. The cause of the ‘intentional amnesia’ may be organic, functional or circumstantial.
Harvard university researchers have concluded that “we consciously see far less of our world than we think we do. We might well encode much of our visual world without awareness.” We believe that we generally see what is in front of us and by basically looking. But looking and seeing are two different events. It has been observed that we look without seeing during moments of intense concentration. We have all observed that our eyes may be open, the images form on the retina, but still we have limited perception. We all remember these moments of blurred visuals and they come usually when either we are in deep thoughts or involved in an interesting conversation.

The role of the last paragraph of the passage is

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

The famous gorilla experiment conducted by Harvard University when a woman dressed in a gorilla suit ambled across the floor thumping her chest, but 50 % of the audience didn’t notice. The study shows we often err when it comes to concentration and perception. Humans have a limited capacity for attention which in turn means that we have a limited capacity to process information at any given point of time.
When we open our eyes, the whole image gets projected on the retina, but only selective parts of the image are sensed by the brain. This is because as the amount of information in the image was too great to be processed, the brain selectively puts its attention on the most important aspects. Scientists have found that highly prominent events may go unnoticed. 
Researchers now recognize a phenomenon known as “change blindness”, which means that people often fail to detect changes in their field of vision, so long that the change takes place during an eye movement or when the view is somehow interrupted. It has been discovered that our brain tries to construct a meaningful whole out of stimuli that fits in with the scenario of its interest and is capable of discarding majority of other information. This fact can be easily explained by observing a child play the game “spot the difference”. On the first look the child finds the pictures to be similar. Only after careful attention, does he find the differences. The present decade has seen a lot of research into this field. The questions that the scientists are trying to answer are: What is the amount of visual input a brain can consciously and unconsciously encode?
Why do some objects come in the field of observation and not others? What happens to information that is subconsciously perceived?
Arien Mack and Irvin Rock also conducted many experiments and co-authored a book “Inattentional Blindness” in 1998. One of their experiments was very simple. They asked the subjects to observe a cross on the computer screen. The subjects were repetitively asked to judge which arm of the cross was longer. They were in a way made to concentrate on the cross. After some time, unrepentantly, another brightly coloured object was inserted in their field of vision. The researchers reported that the participants often failed to notice the unexpected object on the screen, even when it appeared in the middle of their line of vision. The study gave a conclusive proof that there exists a wide gulf between perception and attention. Some psychologists are of the view that intentional blindness may be in some way related to selective memory instead of selective perception. The cause of the ‘intentional amnesia’ may be organic, functional or circumstantial.
Harvard university researchers have concluded that “we consciously see far less of our world than we think we do. We might well encode much of our visual world without awareness.” We believe that we generally see what is in front of us and by basically looking. But looking and seeing are two different events. It has been observed that we look without seeing during moments of intense concentration. We have all observed that our eyes may be open, the images form on the retina, but still we have limited perception. We all remember these moments of blurred visuals and they come usually when either we are in deep thoughts or involved in an interesting conversation.

All of the following were contributing factors for the wave of anti-Semitism except:

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

A DNA molecule is made up of two long polymers, the polymers being the mixture of compounds formed by polymerization, and consisting essentially of repeating structural units. The strands are joined together with hydrogen atoms and are woven together in the shape of a double helix. Each of the polymers contains chemicals called nucleotides which in turn can be broken down into many individualized components including four nitrogenous bases that form the basic building block of life and contain all the genetic information that an organism needs. The backbone of the DNA molecule is made up of alternating sugars and phosphates and, being quite strong, it protects the whole from damage and mutation. Since one strand is a photographic negative of the other, it is very easy to replicate the information once the structure of one of the two component strands is known and understood. Replication begins with the unwinding of the helix with an enzyme and it is not mandatory that the replication has to start at the ends of the strand. It can start anywhere and once started, the enzymes create two replication forks that continue to replicate the strand in both the directions. DNA contains all the information necessary for life processes but this information never leaves the nuclei of the cells.

One of the earliest proponents of genetic research and the role of heredity in transmission of genetic disorders, and dare one say human cloning, was the now infamous Josef Menegle, from the concentration camp of Auschwitz in the Second World War. At the acme of Hitler’s power in Germany, and indeed in most of Europe and Africa, Jew hating wasn’t just a wave; it was a way of life with not only the state machinery arrayed against them, but also a lot of otherwise unbiased citizens and fellow humans who were just caught in the maelstrom of events between the hard choices of betraying friends and neighbors and being branded traitors to the cause themselves. The Nazi party and its followers started believing in the own racial superiority and being a Jew or a gypsy meant carrying a perpetual death sentence. Indeed another contemporary of Menegle, Joseph Goebbels, who, from a failed literary writer was to become the minister of propaganda for the Nazis, commenced his attacks on Jews in 1933 and continued through 1938 when they finally took the shape of the notorious ‘Final Solution’, which looked at the total annihilation of the Jews. Menegle was especially interested in studying twins and performed a variety of experiments on them without anesthesia to determine the genetic origins of diseases as at that time medical research into twin physiology was seen as the best tool of studying the variant factor in heredity. Also, he was extremely interested in genetic segregation of the Aryan blood as he thought that Jewish and Roma blood was impure and thought that twins were the best way to carry forward the purity of lineage. Taking forward the Nazi party line of the creation and preservation of the ‘Master Race’, which included thousands of vasectomies and operations on women to weed out the undesirable parts from the population, some even credit Menegle with having impregnated hundreds, perhaps thousands, of women with the Fuhrer’s semen in order to propagate the Aryan race.

The passage mentions all of the following except:

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

A DNA molecule is made up of two long polymers, the polymers being the mixture of compounds formed by polymerization, and consisting essentially of repeating structural units. The strands are joined together with hydrogen atoms and are woven together in the shape of a double helix. Each of the polymers contains chemicals called nucleotides which in turn can be broken down into many individualized components including four nitrogenous bases that form the basic building block of life and contain all the genetic information that an organism needs. The backbone of the DNA molecule is made up of alternating sugars and phosphates and, being quite strong, it protects the whole from damage and mutation. Since one strand is a photographic negative of the other, it is very easy to replicate the information once the structure of one of the two component strands is known and understood. Replication begins with the unwinding of the helix with an enzyme and it is not mandatory that the replication has to start at the ends of the strand. It can start anywhere and once started, the enzymes create two replication forks that continue to replicate the strand in both the directions. DNA contains all the information necessary for life processes but this information never leaves the nuclei of the cells.

One of the earliest proponents of genetic research and the role of heredity in transmission of genetic disorders, and dare one say human cloning, was the now infamous Josef Menegle, from the concentration camp of Auschwitz in the Second World War. At the acme of Hitler’s power in Germany, and indeed in most of Europe and Africa, Jew hating wasn’t just a wave; it was a way of life with not only the state machinery arrayed against them, but also a lot of otherwise unbiased citizens and fellow humans who were just caught in the maelstrom of events between the hard choices of betraying friends and neighbors and being branded traitors to the cause themselves. The Nazi party and its followers started believing in the own racial superiority and being a Jew or a gypsy meant carrying a perpetual death sentence. Indeed another contemporary of Menegle, Joseph Goebbels, who, from a failed literary writer was to become the minister of propaganda for the Nazis, commenced his attacks on Jews in 1933 and continued through 1938 when they finally took the shape of the notorious ‘Final Solution’, which looked at the total annihilation of the Jews. Menegle was especially interested in studying twins and performed a variety of experiments on them without anesthesia to determine the genetic origins of diseases as at that time medical research into twin physiology was seen as the best tool of studying the variant factor in heredity. Also, he was extremely interested in genetic segregation of the Aryan blood as he thought that Jewish and Roma blood was impure and thought that twins were the best way to carry forward the purity of lineage. Taking forward the Nazi party line of the creation and preservation of the ‘Master Race’, which included thousands of vasectomies and operations on women to weed out the undesirable parts from the population, some even credit Menegle with having impregnated hundreds, perhaps thousands, of women with the Fuhrer’s semen in order to propagate the Aryan race.

Why does the author say, 'the now infamous' while referring to Josef Menegle?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.

A DNA molecule is made up of two long polymers, the polymers being the mixture of compounds formed by polymerization, and consisting essentially of repeating structural units. The strands are joined together with hydrogen atoms and are woven together in the shape of a double helix. Each of the polymers contains chemicals called nucleotides which in turn can be broken down into many individualized components including four nitrogenous bases that form the basic building block of life and contain all the genetic information that an organism needs. The backbone of the DNA molecule is made up of alternating sugars and phosphates and, being quite strong, it protects the whole from damage and mutation. Since one strand is a photographic negative of the other, it is very easy to replicate the information once the structure of one of the two component strands is known and understood. Replication begins with the unwinding of the helix with an enzyme and it is not mandatory that the replication has to start at the ends of the strand. It can start anywhere and once started, the enzymes create two replication forks that continue to replicate the strand in both the directions. DNA contains all the information necessary for life processes but this information never leaves the nuclei of the cells.

One of the earliest proponents of genetic research and the role of heredity in transmission of genetic disorders, and dare one say human cloning, was the now infamous Josef Menegle, from the concentration camp of Auschwitz in the Second World War. At the acme of Hitler’s power in Germany, and indeed in most of Europe and Africa, Jew hating wasn’t just a wave; it was a way of life with not only the state machinery arrayed against them, but also a lot of otherwise unbiased citizens and fellow humans who were just caught in the maelstrom of events between the hard choices of betraying friends and neighbors and being branded traitors to the cause themselves. The Nazi party and its followers started believing in the own racial superiority and being a Jew or a gypsy meant carrying a perpetual death sentence. Indeed another contemporary of Menegle, Joseph Goebbels, who, from a failed literary writer was to become the minister of propaganda for the Nazis, commenced his attacks on Jews in 1933 and continued through 1938 when they finally took the shape of the notorious ‘Final Solution’, which looked at the total annihilation of the Jews. Menegle was especially interested in studying twins and performed a variety of experiments on them without anesthesia to determine the genetic origins of diseases as at that time medical research into twin physiology was seen as the best tool of studying the variant factor in heredity. Also, he was extremely interested in genetic segregation of the Aryan blood as he thought that Jewish and Roma blood was impure and thought that twins were the best way to carry forward the purity of lineage. Taking forward the Nazi party line of the creation and preservation of the ‘Master Race’, which included thousands of vasectomies and operations on women to weed out the undesirable parts from the population, some even credit Menegle with having impregnated hundreds, perhaps thousands, of women with the Fuhrer’s semen in order to propagate the Aryan race.

What is the thematic highlight of the passage?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage:

There are two terms in ancient Chinese literature which seem to be used indiscriminately for God. One is T'ien, which has come to include the material heavens, the sky; and the other is Shang Ti, which has come to include the spirits of deceased Emperors. These two terms appear simultaneously, so to speak, in the earliest documents which have come down to us, dating back to something like the twentieth century before Christ. Priority, however, belongs beyond all doubt to T'ien, which it would have been more natural to find meaning, first the visible heavens, and secondly the Deity, whose existence beyond the sky would be inferred from such phenomena as lightning, thunder, wind, and rain.

But the process appears to have been the other way, so far at any rate as the written language is concerned. The Chinese script, when it first came into existence, was purely pictorial, and confined to visible objects which were comparatively easy to depict.

There does not seem to have been any attempt to draw a picture of the sky. On the other hand, the character T'ien was just such a representation of a human being as would be expected rom the hand of a prehistoric artist; and under this unmistakable shape the character appears.

Distinction between T'ien and Shang Ti.-The term Shang Ti means literally Supreme Ruler. It is not quite so vague as T'ien, which seems to be more of an abstraction, while Shang Ti is a genuinely personal God. Reference to T'ien is usually associated with fate or destiny, calamities, blessings, prayers for help, etc. The commandments of T'ien are hard to obey; He is compassionate, to be feared. Shang Ti lives in heaven, walks, leaves tracks on the ground, enjoys the sweet savor of sacrifice, approves or disapproves of conduct, deals with rewards and punishments in a more particular way, and comes more actually into touch with the human race. Thus Shang Ti would be the God who walked in the garden in the cool of the day, the God who smelled the sweet savor of Noah's sacrifice, and the God who allowed Moses to see His back. T'ien would be the God of Gods of the Psalms, whose mercy endures for ever; the everlasting God of Isaiah, who faints not, neither is weary.

Consider each of the three choices and select all that apply.

What generalization about Chinese people can you draw from their religious behavior?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage:

There are two terms in ancient Chinese literature which seem to be used indiscriminately for God. One is T'ien, which has come to include the material heavens, the sky; and the other is Shang Ti, which has come to include the spirits of deceased Emperors. These two terms appear simultaneously, so to speak, in the earliest documents which have come down to us, dating back to something like the twentieth century before Christ. Priority, however, belongs beyond all doubt to T'ien, which it would have been more natural to find meaning, first the visible heavens, and secondly the Deity, whose existence beyond the sky would be inferred from such phenomena as lightning, thunder, wind, and rain.

But the process appears to have been the other way, so far at any rate as the written language is concerned. The Chinese script, when it first came into existence, was purely pictorial, and confined to visible objects which were comparatively easy to depict.

There does not seem to have been any attempt to draw a picture of the sky. On the other hand, the character T'ien was just such a representation of a human being as would be expected rom the hand of a prehistoric artist; and under this unmistakable shape the character appears.

Distinction between T'ien and Shang Ti.-The term Shang Ti means literally Supreme Ruler. It is not quite so vague as T'ien, which seems to be more of an abstraction, while Shang Ti is a genuinely personal God. Reference to T'ien is usually associated with fate or destiny, calamities, blessings, prayers for help, etc. The commandments of T'ien are hard to obey; He is compassionate, to be feared. Shang Ti lives in heaven, walks, leaves tracks on the ground, enjoys the sweet savor of sacrifice, approves or disapproves of conduct, deals with rewards and punishments in a more particular way, and comes more actually into touch with the human race. Thus Shang Ti would be the God who walked in the garden in the cool of the day, the God who smelled the sweet savor of Noah's sacrifice, and the God who allowed Moses to see His back. T'ien would be the God of Gods of the Psalms, whose mercy endures for ever; the everlasting God of Isaiah, who faints not, neither is weary.

All the following are distinctive of “Shang Ti' except

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage:

There are two terms in ancient Chinese literature which seem to be used indiscriminately for God. One is T'ien, which has come to include the material heavens, the sky; and the other is Shang Ti, which has come to include the spirits of deceased Emperors. These two terms appear simultaneously, so to speak, in the earliest documents which have come down to us, dating back to something like the twentieth century before Christ. Priority, however, belongs beyond all doubt to T'ien, which it would have been more natural to find meaning, first the visible heavens, and secondly the Deity, whose existence beyond the sky would be inferred from such phenomena as lightning, thunder, wind, and rain.

But the process appears to have been the other way, so far at any rate as the written language is concerned. The Chinese script, when it first came into existence, was purely pictorial, and confined to visible objects which were comparatively easy to depict.

There does not seem to have been any attempt to draw a picture of the sky. On the other hand, the character T'ien was just such a representation of a human being as would be expected rom the hand of a prehistoric artist; and under this unmistakable shape the character appears.

Distinction between T'ien and Shang Ti.-The term Shang Ti means literally Supreme Ruler. It is not quite so vague as T'ien, which seems to be more of an abstraction, while Shang Ti is a genuinely personal God. Reference to T'ien is usually associated with fate or destiny, calamities, blessings, prayers for help, etc. The commandments of T'ien are hard to obey; He is compassionate, to be feared. Shang Ti lives in heaven, walks, leaves tracks on the ground, enjoys the sweet savor of sacrifice, approves or disapproves of conduct, deals with rewards and punishments in a more particular way, and comes more actually into touch with the human race. Thus Shang Ti would be the God who walked in the garden in the cool of the day, the God who smelled the sweet savor of Noah's sacrifice, and the God who allowed Moses to see His back. T'ien would be the God of Gods of the Psalms, whose mercy endures for ever; the everlasting God of Isaiah, who faints not, neither is weary.