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Social and Economic Development in India

Description: Social and Economic Development in India
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: Social and Economic Development in India Economic Reforms Social Sector Initiatives Social-Cultural Issues Human Capital Development Economic Indicators Comparative Development
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Following are the factors that contributed to decline in poverty level: (a) Land reforms (b) Robust agriculture growth (c) Imports (d) Rapid and widespread industrialisation

Which of the above is/are incorrect?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (a) and (b)

  3. All of the above

  4. Only (c) and (d)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Land reforms and huge agriculture growth coupled with widespread industrialisation greatly contributed towards increase in per capita income. Exports are also responsible for employment generation.

Consider the following factors responsible for India`s poor performance in family planning as compared to China and Brazil with similar history. (a) Social taboos on sexuality (b) Introducing sex education at school level (c) Lack of awareness about reproductive health (d) Low female literacy

Which of the above is/are incorrect?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b)

  3. Only (b) and (c)

  4. Only (b) and (d)


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

There is widespread lack of openness about sexual and reproductive health. Low female literacy is a key driver. There is acute resistance to sexual education at school level. Social taboos is also a prominent factor.

With the current programmes in operation, India is poised to attain complete literacy by 2030, but these are certain alarming factors appurtenant to it. (a) Learning level of children is abysmally poor. (b) 2/3rd of children (7 - 14) could not read a story of grade 2 level. (c) 40% of them could not do basic arithmetic operations viz. subtraction and division. (d) The only consoling factor is that drop out rate at primary level is not high.

Which of the above you do not agree to?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (a) and (b)

  3. Only (b) and (c)

  4. Only (d)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

On account of gigantic programmes like SSA, Midday Meal Scheme, the enrolment has considerably improved, but the learning level is dismally low. Besides, drop out rate at primary level still remains alarming.

Consider the following factors on which the computation of HDI (Human Development Index) is based. (a) Literacy (b) Life expectancy (c) Health and hygiene level (d) Per capita income

Which of the above is/are incorrect?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b)

  3. Only (c)

  4. Only (c) and (d)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Human Development India (HDI) is based on a combination of factors viz. literacy, education level, life expectancy and per capita income. It measures the quality of life.

Which of the following is not the goal adopted by UNDP under the UN Millenium Declaration?

  1. Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger

  2. Universal primary education

  3. Combating HIV/AIDS

  4. Global trade authority


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Millenium Development goals include reduction of child mortality and improvement of maternal health. Woman empowerment, environmental sustainability as well as global partnership is included for the development of a global public policy.

Last sixty years have seen a dramatic increase in life expectancy at birth (33 to 65). Consider the following statements in this context: (a) Improved public health. (b) Improvement in nutrition and sanitation. (c) Approach to private medical care. (d) Eradication of small pox and sharp reduction in deaths on account of deadly diseases like cholera and malaria.

Which of the above you do not agree to?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b) and (c)

  3. Only (c) and (d)

  4. All of them


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

There has been considerable improvement in public health and hygiene. Moreover deaths on account of certain deadly diseases are markedly reduced. This has contributed to longevity.

Referring to the 1947-80, the Indian Industry was severely hit by the following constraints: (a) Profit ceilings on companies in many sectors (b) FERA restriction on foreign equity holdings (c) MRTP restricted growth of firms (d) No control on prices (e) License Raj

Which of the above is /are incorrect?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b) and (e)

  3. Only (a), (b) and (c)

  4. Only (d)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Indian government presided over a closed command economy instead of an open market economy. Market prices were controlled in a number of non-luxurious goods sector such as pharmaceuticals in order to facilitate accessibility to the poor.

Per capita intake of calories defines the poverty line. Following are the suggested combinations for rural urban setup. Which is the correct combination?

  1. 2500 - 2000

  2. 2400 - 2200

  3. 2400 - 2100

  4. 2300 - 2100


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

An expert group of Planning Commission defined poverty line on a nutritional norm of per capita daily intake of calories, 2400 calories in rural and 2100 calories in urban are the minimum levels.

Consider the following measures adopted by the government for economic reforms (1990 - 2007): (a) Industrial licenses for the expansion of manufacturing base were abolished. (b) 100% foreign ownership was permitted. (c) Excise duty was increased on imports to discourage them. (d) VAT was imposed/levied on domestic products. (e) Price control was eased in many cases.

Which of the above is/are not in conformity?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b) and (c)

  3. Only (c)

  4. Only (d) and (e)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Excise duty was stashed on imports apart from various other measures adopted viz, membership of WTO, foreign technical agreements, etc.

Which of the following is/are not the major indicator(s) of economic development?

(a) Net National Product (NNP) (b) Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) (c) Human Literacy Index (d) Human Poverty Index (e) Per Capita Income

  1. Only (a), (b) and (c)

  2. Only (c)

  3. Only (c), (d) and (e)

  4. Only (c) and (e)


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

There is no such index as Human Literacy Index. Rather, there is one Human Development Index. Others are the major indicators of economic development.

Bulk of spending in India has been on 'promotiona' forms of direct anti-poverty programmes rather than “protective” interventions. (a) Social security is need of the hour viz old age pension/widow pensions. (b) Anti-poverty programmes have been ineffectual. (c) Protective schemes are simple to implement. (d) Administrative cost involved is high.

Which of the above is/are incorrect?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b)

  3. Only (b) and (c)

  4. Only (d)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

As compared to anti-poverty programmes/schemes which by and large proved ineffective, protective schemes are worth taking on account of its simplicity and relatively low cost.

Following are the policy initiatives for promoting MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises). Which one of them does not relate to the group?

  1. SMED Act 2006.

  2. Amendment to KVIC Act 1956.

  3. Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for small industries - only g'tee cover for the enterprise.

  4. A promotion package from MSMED in areas of credit, infrastructure, technology and marketing.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Apart from the initiatives at (1), (2) and (4) under the Credit Guarantee Scheme of MSME, Life Insurance cover is provided to the chief promoters of the enterprise in addition to guarantee already existing under CGTF scheme.

While the country is getting weather, people should get healthier. List out the obstacles. (a) Allocation, to health is only 1% of GDP, (lowest in the world). (b) There are only 40 doctors per 1000 people in India as compared to 2300 in USA. (c) There is amelioration in malnutrition among children. (d) Infant mortality and maternal mortality is satisfactorily reduced/controlled.

Which of the above is/are not in conformity?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b)

  3. Only (c)

  4. Only (c) and (d)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Looking at the four statements, only statement 3 is not in conformity with the rest three. It states that there is amelioration in malnutrition among children, which is not in accordance to the fact that close to 42.5 per cent of Indian children suffer from malnutrition, which means that every second child is not getting enough food. On the other hand, 11% of population in India is over nourished, consuming extra or wrong calories.

Inspite of the fact that there has been robust and dramatic economic development since the reforms of 90`s, poverty level shows a marginal decline. (a) Overdependence on agriculture engaging 60% of labour force but contributing only 20% to GDP. (b) Jobs created are in service sector - a niche for highly literates. (c) MGNREGS and food for work scheme have had extensive application. (d) Millions of illiterate and semi-literate population could not reap benefits of open economy.

Which of the above is/are incorrect?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b) and (d)

  3. Only (c)

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

There has been only mixed evidence for the effectiveness of these schemes. Growth to be more inclusive has to have massive investment in human capital and creating opportunities to tap the human resources three in.

India`s HDI of 0.51 is only marginally above of an underdeveloped country. (a) Liberalisation of globalisation of the economy benefited the educated masses. (b) Illiterates and semi-literates remained untouched. (c) Health and sanitation is in utterly poor condition. (d) There has only been slow increase in HDI, but largely incommensurate with the increase in per capita income.

Which of the above is/are not responsible factor(s) for low HDI?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (a) and (b)

  3. Only (c)

  4. Only (d)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Health and sanitation are not factors instrumental for low HDI of India. In fact, the benefits of open economy have not been largely beneficial to the terming millions of illiterate and semi-literate classes. Hence, decline in poverty line has not been noticeable or up to the desired level.

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