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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbial Cells

Description: Microbiology GATE Life Sciences Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Cell structure Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Number of Questions: 20
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Tags: Microbiology GATE Life Sciences Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Cell structure Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotic extracellular appendages are TRUE? P. Bacterial glycocalyx is located inside the cell wall. Q. Bacterial capsule is a well organized bacterial glycocalyx. R. F pili is involved in transferring DNA from one bacterium to another. S. Fimbriae help bacteria to attach to the other structures.

  1. P and Q

  2. P and R

  3. Q and R

  4. Q and S

  5. Q, R and S


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Bacterial capsule is a well organized bacterial glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the bacterial cell wall. F (conjugation, sex) pili are involved in the transfer of plasmids from one bacteria to the other. Fimbriae are short pili found in large numbers and used to attach bacteria to surfaces.

In which of the following fruiting myxobacteria the myxospores are spheres?

  1. Chondromyces
  2. Myxococcus
  3. Polyangium Select the correct answer using codes given below:
  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. 1 and 2

  5. 2 and 3


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Myxospores are spheres in Myxococcus. In all, except Myxococcus myxospores are rods.

Which of the following groups of bacteria are called gliding bacteria?

  1. Mycobacteria and Myxobacteria

  2. Mycobacteria and Cytophagales

  3. Myxobacteria and Cytophagales

  4. Cytophagales and Rickettsiae

  5. Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Myxobacteria and Cytophagales are called gliding bacteria on the basis of their gliding mobility on solid surfaces.

Which of the following statements are FALSE regarding prokaryotic cell?

  1. Prokaryotic cells are smaller in size than eukaryotic cells.
  2. Site for oxidative phosphorylation is mitochondria.
  3. Ribosomal subunits are 60S and 40S.
  4. Golgi apparatus is absent.
  1. 1 and 2

  2. 1, 2 and 3

  3. 2 and 3

  4. 2, 3 and 4

  5. 3 and 4


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Mitochondria are not found in prokaryotic cells. Site for oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotic cells is cell membrane. Cytoplasmic ribosome size of prokaryotic cells is 70S. Ribosomal subunits are 50S and 30S.

Which of the following are not present in prokaryotes?

  1. Cell membrane
  2. Mitochondria
  3. Golgi complex
  4. Ribosome
  5. Cytoplasm
  6. Lysosome
  1. 1, 2 and 4

  2. 2, 3 and 4

  3. 2, 3 and 6

  4. 3, 4, and 5

  5. 4, 5 and 6


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Mitochondria, Golgi complex, Lysosomes: All the three are not found in prokaryotes.

Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding bacteria? P. The bacterial cell wall is composed of chitin. Q. The cytoplasm of a bacterium is supported by microtubules. R. A gram-positive bacterium is stained purple by the gram stain. S. Bacterial flagella propel the cell by using a rotating motion.

  1. P and Q

  2. P and R

  3. Q and R

  4. Q and S

  5. R and S


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Both are true statements. A gram-positive bacterium is stained purple by the gram stain. Bacterial flagella propel the cell by using a rotating motion.

Which of the following is/are not TRUE regarding chloroplasts? P. Single membrane bounded organelles Q. Have their own genetic material R. Electron transport and energy production of chloroplast is located the inner membrane S. Synthesize their own fatty acids, amino acids, and lipid components

  1. P and Q

  2. P and R

  3. Q and R

  4. Q and S

  5. R and S


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Chloroplasts are double membrane bounded organelles. Unlike the mitochondria, the electron transport and energy production of chloroplast is located in the thylakoids instead of the inner membrane.

Match the column – I (Bacteria) with column – II (Flagellar arrangement) and select the correct option.

 
Column – I Column – II
A. Escherichia coli 1. Amphitrichous
B. Helicobacter pylori 2. Lophotrichous
C. Rhodospirillum rubrum 3. Monotrichous
D. Vibrio cholerae 4. Peritrichous
  1. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1

  2. A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

  3. A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 3

  4. A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1

  5. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Peritrichous bacteria have flagella projecting in all directions (e.g., Escherichia coli). Lophotrichous bacteria have multiple flagella located at the same spot on the bacteria's surfaces ( e.g., Helicobacter pylori). Amphitrichous bacteria have a single flagellum on each of two opposite ends (e.g., Rhodospirillum rubrum). Monotrichous bacteria have a single flagellum (e.g., Vibrio cholerae).

Which of the following sets represent fruiting myxobacteria only?

  1. Cystobacter, Melittangium, Polyangium

  2. Cytophyga, Flexibacter, Sporocytophaga

  3. Flexibacter, Melittangium, Sporocytophaga

  4. Cytophyga, Cystobacter, Polyangium

  5. Cystobacter, Flexibacter, Sporocytophaga


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cystobacter, Melittangium, Polyangium: All are fruiting myxobacteria.

Which of the following protozoans have flagella as locomotory organ?

  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. Giardia lamblia
  3. Trypanosoma cruzi
  4. Leishmania donovani
  5. Balantidium coli
  1. 1, 2 and 3

  2. 1, 3 and 5

  3. 2, 3 and 4

  4. 2, 4 and 5

  5. 3, 4 and 5


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Giardia lamblia - Flagella Trypanosoma cruzi – Flagella Leishmania donovani – Flagella

Assertion (A): Endoplasmic reticulum functions as a system for transporting materials from one part of the cell to another. Reason (R): It is a system of membrane-enclosed channels which extends throughout the cytoplasm of the cell and interconnects with the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope.

In the following question there are two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R), consider both the statements independently and mark your answers as under:
1. If A and R both are correct and R is correct explanation of A.
2. If A and R both are correct and R is not correct explanation of A.
3. If A is correct and R is incorrect.
4. If A is incorrect and R is correct.
5. If A and R both are incorrect.

 

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4

  5. 5


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Endoplasmic reticulum a system of membrane-enclosed channels which extends throughout the cytoplasm of the cell and interconnects with the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. Endoplasmic reticulum has several functions. Such as:

  1. It divides the cytoplasm up into interconnected compartments.
  2. Serves as routes for the transport of materials from one part of the cell to another.
  3. Plays an important role in the synthesis of proteins and some lipids.
  4. Responsible for generating new layers for Golgi bodies.
  5. Expanded regions of the endoplasmic reticulum may serve as storage areas.

Mesosomes are organelles of bacteria that appear as invagination of the plasma membrane. Functions of mesosomes include -

  1. Increase surface area of plasma membrane
  2. Respiration processes
  3. DNA replication and distribution
  4. Fatty acid synthesis
  5. Transport of materials from one part of the cell to another Select the correct answer.
  1. 1, 2 and 3

  2. 1, 2 and 4

  3. 2, 3 and 4

  4. 2, 3 and 5

  5. 3, 4 and 5


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mesosomes greatly increase the membrane surface of the cell. Mesosomes are site of localization of respiratory enzymes and play important role in aerobic cellular respiration. Mesosome plays an important role in DNA replication, distribution and cell division.

Which of the following genera of mollicutes exhibits respiratory metabolism?

  1. Mycoplasma

  2. Ureaplasma

  3. Acholeplasma

  4. Anaeroplasma

  5. Spiroplasma exhibits fermentation metabolism.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ureaplasma exhibits respiratory metabolism.

Which of the following are not common features of fimbriae and pili? P. Thin non-flagellar protein filaments found on the surface of bacteria. Q. Composed of the protein called pilin. R. Transfer genetic material during sexual reproduction of bacteria. S. Used for attachment to surfaces for colonization. Select the correct answer.

  1. P and Q

  2. P and R

  3. Q and R

  4. Q and S

  5. R and S


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Fimbriae are used for attachment to surfaces for colonization while pili are used to transfer genetic material during sexual reproduction of bacteria.

Which of the following microorganisms have least G + C moles %?

  1. Bacillus subtilis

  2. Escherichia coli

  3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  4. Spirillum linum

  5. Staphylococcus aureus


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In molecular biology and genetics, guanine-cytosine content (GC-content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases on a DNA molecule that are either guanine or cytosine. DNA with high GC-content is more stable than DNA with low GC-content. Among given microbes Spirillum linum have least G+C moles % (28-30).

Which of the following are incorrect regarding gram-positive bacteria? P. Mesosomes in cytoplasm – Absent Q. Ratio of RNA to DNA – 8:1 R. Type of toxin produced – Endotoxin S. Effect on 1% NaOH – Resistant

  1. P and Q

  2. P and R

  3. Q and R

  4. Q and S

  5. R and S


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mesosomes are present in cytoplasm of gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria produces exotoxins.

Which of the following genera of Mollicutes exhibit pleomorphic morphology? A. Mycoplasma B. Ureaplasma C. Acholeplasma D. Anaeroplasma E. Spiroplasma Select the correct answer using codes given below:

  1. A and B

  2. A and C

  3. B and D

  4. C and E

  5. D and E


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mycoplasma – Pleomorphic Acholeplasma - Pleomorphic

Match the column – I (Organism) with column – II (Class) and select the correct option.

 
Column – I Column – II
A. Amoeba 1. Sporozoa
B. Astasia 2. Mastigophora
C. Vorticella 3. Sarcodina
D. Leishmania 4. Ciliophora
  1. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

  2. A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

  3. A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2

  4. A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1

  5. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Amoeba belongs to class Sarcodina. Astasia belongs to class Mastigophora. Vorticella belongs to class Ciliophora. Leishmania belongs to class Sporozoa.

Which of the following have acellular structural organization without protective coat around protein/nucleic acid?

  1. Prions
  2. Viroids
  3. Viruses
  4. Bacteria Select the correct answer.
  1. Only 1

  2. 1 and 2

  3. 1, 2 and 3

  4. 2 and 3

  5. 2 and 4


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Prions – Acellular structural organization; No protective coat around protein. Viroids – Acellular structural organization; No protective coat around nucleic acid.

Match the column – I (Organelle) with column – II (Function) and select the correct option.

 
Column – I Column – II
A. Chloroplasts 1. Digestion of excess or worn-out organelles
B. Golgi complex 2. Contain enzymes that split hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
C. Lysosomes 3. Organelles responsible for photosynthesis
D. Peroxisomes 4. Factory for packaging proteins
  1. A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 1

  2. A - 3, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1

  3. A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2

  4. A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2

  5. A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis and function to generate metabolic energy. The Golgi complex is integral in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. Lysosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes that digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles and engulfed bacteria or viruses. Peroxisomes contain enzymes that split hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

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