Lapse rate is the rate of change in temperature with increase in altitude.

Frost is the weather condition that occurs when the air temperature is at or below 0^o.

Equinox occurs when the Sun is vertically above the Equator.

Sirocco is the hot wind in Sahara Desert.

Correct; the distance between Earth and Venus is 0.28 AU. 

Insolation is the radiant energy that reaches the surface of the earth from the sun.

 Humid microthermal climate. Based on the type of forests growing in the region, this type of climate is also known as ‘taiga’. The summer temperature is higher than 100 C, but the temperature in the winter season goes below the freezing point.

The fastest orbiting planet in our solar system is Mercury. 

The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapour and aerosols.

Cosmology is the scientific study of the large scale properties of the universe as a whole. It endeavors to use the scientific method to understand the origin, evolution and ultimate fate of the entire universe.

The distance of Proxima Centauri from the earth is 4.243 light years, which makes it the closest star to the earth.

 The stratosphere is layered in temperature because ozone (O₃) absorbs high energy UVB and UVC energy waves from the sun and are broken down into atomic oxygen (O₁D) and diatomic oxygen (O₂) at wavelengths below 1180 nm.